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en:iot-reloaded:iot_network_design_methodologies [2024/11/27 18:22] – [Key Principles of IoT Network Design] pczekalskien:iot-reloaded:iot_network_design_methodologies [2025/05/13 14:49] (current) – [Best Practices for IoT Network Design] pczekalski
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 ====== IoT Network Design Methodologies ====== ====== IoT Network Design Methodologies ======
  
-Designing a network for the Internet of Things (IoT) requires a strategic approach integrating scalability, security, efficiency, and interoperability. IoT network design methodologies revolve around creating robust, flexible, and efficient networks supporting diverse devices, applications, and services. These methodologies emphasize handling large volumes of data, ensuring real-time communication, and maintaining high levels of security and reliability.+Designing a network for the Internet of Things requires a strategic approach integrating scalability, security, efficiency, and interoperability. IoT network design methodologies revolve around creating robust, flexible, and efficient networks supporting diverse devices, applications, and services. These methodologies emphasise handling large volumes of data, ensuring real-time communication, and maintaining high levels of security and reliability.
 This section explores the principles, methodologies, challenges, and best practices for designing IoT networks. This section explores the principles, methodologies, challenges, and best practices for designing IoT networks.
  
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   * ** Interoperability:** IoT systems often comprise devices from various vendors using different communication protocols. Designing for interoperability ensures seamless communication and data exchange.   * ** Interoperability:** IoT systems often comprise devices from various vendors using different communication protocols. Designing for interoperability ensures seamless communication and data exchange.
   * **Low Latency**: Real-time applications like autonomous vehicles or healthcare monitoring require minimal latency to ensure timely actions and responses.   * **Low Latency**: Real-time applications like autonomous vehicles or healthcare monitoring require minimal latency to ensure timely actions and responses.
-  * **Energy Efficiency**: Many IoT devices operate on battery power. Networks must minimize energy consumption to prolong device lifespans. +  * **Energy Efficiency**: Many IoT devices operate on battery power. Networks must minimise energy consumption to prolong device lifespans. 
-  * **Security and Privacy**: IoT networks must protect sensitive data from unauthorized access, breaches, and malicious attacks through encryption, secure protocols, and access controls.+  * **Security and Privacy**: IoT networks must protect sensitive data from unauthorised access, breaches, and malicious attacks through encryption, secure protocols, and access controls.
   * **Reliability:** Networks should offer high uptime and ensure consistent performance, even during peak usage or failures.   * **Reliability:** Networks should offer high uptime and ensure consistent performance, even during peak usage or failures.
-  * **Cost-Effectiveness:** The design should balance performance with budget constraints, ensuring efficient resource utilization.+  * **Cost-Effectiveness:** The design should balance performance with budget constraints, ensuring efficient resource utilisation.
  
 ===== IoT Network Design Methodologies ===== ===== IoT Network Design Methodologies =====
 +A short review of the IoT Network Design Methodologies is presented in figure {{ref>IoNNDM4}} and described below.
 +
 +<figure IoNNDM4>
 +{{ :en:iot-reloaded:iot_network_design_methodologies-page-5.png?400 |IoT Network Design Methodologies}}
 +<caption>IoT Network Design Methodologies</caption>
 +</figure>
  
 **1. Hierarchical Design**\\ **1. Hierarchical Design**\\
-A hierarchical approach organizes the IoT network into distinct layers, typically categorized as:+A hierarchical approach organises the IoT network into distinct layers, typically categorised as:
   * **Perception Layer (Device Layer):** Includes sensors, actuators, and devices that collect data.   * **Perception Layer (Device Layer):** Includes sensors, actuators, and devices that collect data.
   * **Network Layer:** Responsible for data transmission between devices and processing units via communication protocols.   * **Network Layer:** Responsible for data transmission between devices and processing units via communication protocols.
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   * Simplifies management.   * Simplifies management.
-  * Optimizes resource allocation at each layer.+  * Optimises resource allocation at each layer.
   * Enhances scalability and modularity.   * Enhances scalability and modularity.
  
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   * Reduces latency for time-sensitive applications.   * Reduces latency for time-sensitive applications.
-  * Decreases data transmission costs by minimizing reliance on cloud services.+  * Decreases data transmission costs by minimising reliance on cloud services.
   * Enhances privacy by processing sensitive data locally.   * Enhances privacy by processing sensitive data locally.
  
 **3. Mesh Networking**\\ **3. Mesh Networking**\\
-It employs a decentralized design where devices connect directly to each other in a peer-to-peer manner. Mesh networks are often used in smart homes, industrial IoT, and smart cities.+It employs a decentralised design where devices connect directly to each other in a peer-to-peer manner. Mesh networks are often used in smart homes, industrial IoT, and smart cities.
  
 **Advantages** **Advantages**
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   * Reduces single points of failure.   * Reduces single points of failure.
  
-**4. Centralized Design**\\+**4. Centralised Design**\\
 It involves a hub-and-spoke model in which devices connect to a central controller, gateway, or server for data processing and management. It involves a hub-and-spoke model in which devices connect to a central controller, gateway, or server for data processing and management.
  
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   * Simplifies monitoring and control.   * Simplifies monitoring and control.
   * Suitable for small-scale IoT deployments.   * Suitable for small-scale IoT deployments.
-  * Centralizes security measures.+  * Centralises security measures.
  
 **5. Cloud-Based Design**\\ **5. Cloud-Based Design**\\
-Data from IoT devices is transmitted to a centralized cloud platform for processing, storage, and management. Cloud providers also offer analytics, machine learning, and application integration services.+Data from IoT devices is transmitted to a centralised cloud platform for processing, storage, and management. Cloud providers also offer analytics, machine learning, and application integration services.
  
 **Advantages** **Advantages**
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   * Balances latency and scalability.   * Balances latency and scalability.
-  * Optimizes resource utilization.+  * Optimises resource utilisation.
   * Enhances flexibility for diverse applications.   * Enhances flexibility for diverse applications.
- 
-<todo @pczekalski>Add a mindmap figure here</todo> 
  
 ===== Steps in IoT Network Design ===== ===== Steps in IoT Network Design =====
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 <figure IoTND2> <figure IoTND2>
-{{ en:iot-reloaded:iot_network_design_methodologies-page-2.png?700 |Steps in IoT Network Design}}+{{ en:iot-reloaded:iot_network_design_methodologies-page-2.png?500 |Steps in IoT Network Design}}
 <caption>Steps in IoT Network Design</caption> <caption>Steps in IoT Network Design</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
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 2. **Topology Selection:** \\ 2. **Topology Selection:** \\
-Choose the most suitable topology based on the use case, device distribution, and scalability needs (e.g., star, mesh, tree, hybrid).+Based on the use case, device distribution, and scalability needs, choose the most suitable topology (e.g., star, mesh, tree, hybrid).
  
 3. **Protocol and Communication Technology:**\\ 3. **Protocol and Communication Technology:**\\
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 7. **Testing and Optimisation**\\ 7. **Testing and Optimisation**\\
   * Conduct rigorous performance, reliability, and security testing under real-world conditions.   * Conduct rigorous performance, reliability, and security testing under real-world conditions.
-  * Optimize the design based on feedback and test results.+  * Optimise the design based on feedback and test results.
  
  
 ===== Challenges in IoT Network Design ===== ===== Challenges in IoT Network Design =====
 +IoT network design is a demanding process, and once started, is should target several challenges, including (figure {{ref>IoNNDM5}}) those presented and discussed below.
 +
 +<figure IoNNDM5>
 +{{ :en:iot-reloaded:iot_network_design_methodologies-page-3.png?280 |Challenges in IoT Network Design}}
 +<caption>Challenges in IoT Network Design</caption>
 +</figure>
  
 **1. Device Diversity**:\\ **1. Device Diversity**:\\
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 **6. Regulatory Compliance**\\ **6. Regulatory Compliance**\\
 IoT networks must adhere to regional and industry-specific data privacy and security regulations. IoT networks must adhere to regional and industry-specific data privacy and security regulations.
- 
-<todo @pczekalski>Add a hexagon figure here</todo> 
  
 ===== Best Practices for IoT Network Design ===== ===== Best Practices for IoT Network Design =====
 +Due to the complexity of the design process and the variety of approaches and options, there are some best practices as the IoT market nowadays has grown with many large and small-scale real-life use cases. Each application has its specific requirements, but some standard best practices exist as presented in figure {{ref>IoNNDM6}} and discussed below.
  
-**1. Use Standardized Protocols:**\\+<figure IoNNDM6> 
 +{{ :en:iot-reloaded:iot_network_design_methodologies-page-4.png?280 |Best Practices for IoT Network Design}} 
 +<caption>Best Practices for IoT Network Design</caption> 
 +</figure> 
 + 
 + 
 +**1. Use Standardised Protocols:**\\
 Ensure compatibility and interoperability by adopting widely accepted standards like MQTT, CoAP, and IPv6. Ensure compatibility and interoperability by adopting widely accepted standards like MQTT, CoAP, and IPv6.
  
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 Incorporate failover mechanisms and redundant pathways to enhance reliability. Incorporate failover mechanisms and redundant pathways to enhance reliability.
  
-**3. Prioritize Security:**\\+**3. Prioritise Security:**\\
 Encrypt data, use secure boot processes, and enforce least privilege access policies. Encrypt data, use secure boot processes, and enforce least privilege access policies.
  
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 **5. Monitor and Manage:**\\ **5. Monitor and Manage:**\\
-Deploy monitoring tools to track performance, detect anomalies, and optimize resource utilization.+Deploy monitoring tools to track performance, detect anomalies, and optimise resource utilisation.
  
-**6. Optimize for Energy Efficiency:**\\+**6. Optimise for Energy Efficiency:**\\
 Use low-power wireless technologies and energy-efficient hardware. Use low-power wireless technologies and energy-efficient hardware.
  
-<todo @pczekalski>Add a 2nd hexagon figure here</todo> 
 ===== Emerging Trends in IoT Network Design ===== ===== Emerging Trends in IoT Network Design =====
 +IoT technologies are closely related to the development of general ITC technologies. At the moment, significant factors driving the development of the IoT networks are discussed below and shortly presented in figure {{ref>IoNNDM6}}.
 +
 +<figure IoNNDM6>
 +{{ :en:iot-reloaded:iot_network_design_methodologies-page-6.png?400 |Emerging Trends in IoT Network Design}}
 +<caption>Emerging Trends in IoT Network Design</caption>
 +</figure>
  
 **1. 5G/6G Networks:** **1. 5G/6G Networks:**
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 **2. AI-Driven Network Management:** **2. AI-Driven Network Management:**
-Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are being used to optimize IoT network performance and predict potential failures.+Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are used to optimise IoT network performance and predict potential failures.
  
 **3. Blockchain for Security:** **3. Blockchain for Security:**
-Blockchain technology is increasingly used to secure IoT networks by providing immutable, decentralized record-keeping.+Blockchain technology is increasingly used to secure IoT networks by providing immutable, decentralised record-keeping.
  
 **4. Digital Twins:** **4. Digital Twins:**
-Digital twins enable real-time simulation and optimization of IoT networks, improving design and operation.+Digital twins enable real-time simulation and optimisation of IoT networks, improving design and operation.
  
 **5. Fog Computing:** **5. Fog Computing:**
 Extending the capabilities of edge computing, fog computing processes data closer to devices, enhancing speed and efficiency. Extending the capabilities of edge computing, fog computing processes data closer to devices, enhancing speed and efficiency.
  
-IoT network design methodologies are critical for creating robust, scalable, and secure ecosystems that can handle the diverse demands of IoT applications. By adhering to structured methodologies and staying informed about emerging trends, organizations can build IoT networks that are efficient, reliable, and prepared for future challenges.+IoT network design methodologies are critical for creating robust, scalable, and secure ecosystems that can handle the diverse demands of IoT applications. By adhering to structured methodologies and staying informed about emerging trends, organisations can build IoT networks that are efficient, reliable, and prepared for future challenges.
  
-<todo @pczekalski>Add a 2nd mindmap figure here</todo> 
en/iot-reloaded/iot_network_design_methodologies.1732731720.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/11/27 18:22 by pczekalski
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