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en:iot-open:hardware2:sensors_distance [2023/10/12 12:09] – ktokarz | en:iot-open:hardware2:sensors_distance [2024/05/27 12:02] (current) – ktokarz | ||
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- | ==== Proximity and Distance Sensors ==== | + | ====== Proximity and Distance Sensors |
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- | === Infrared Sensor | + | == Infrared Sensor == |
- | An infrared (IR) proximity sensor detects objects and measures distance without | + | An infrared (IR) proximity sensor detects objects and measures distance without physical contact. IR sensor consists of an infrared emitter, a receiving sensor or array of sensors and a signal processing logic. The output of a sensor differs depending on the type – simple proximity detection sensor outputs //HIGH// or //LOW// level when an object is in its sensing range, but sensors which can measure distance output an analogue signal or use some communication protocol, like I2C to send sensor measuring results. |
IR sensors are used in robotics to detect obstacles located a few millimetres to several meters from the sensor and in mobile phones to help detect accidental screen touching.\\Sample IR sensor device is present in figure {{ref> | IR sensors are used in robotics to detect obstacles located a few millimetres to several meters from the sensor and in mobile phones to help detect accidental screen touching.\\Sample IR sensor device is present in figure {{ref> | ||
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- | === Ultrasonic Sensor | + | == Ultrasonic Sensor == |
The ultrasonic sensor measures the distance to objects by emitting a short ultrasound sound pulse and measuring its returning time. The sensor consists of an ultrasonic emitter and receiver; sometimes, they are combined into a single device for emitting and receiving. Ultrasonic sensors can measure greater distances and cost less than infrared sensors but are more imprecise and interfere with each other' | The ultrasonic sensor measures the distance to objects by emitting a short ultrasound sound pulse and measuring its returning time. The sensor consists of an ultrasonic emitter and receiver; sometimes, they are combined into a single device for emitting and receiving. Ultrasonic sensors can measure greater distances and cost less than infrared sensors but are more imprecise and interfere with each other' | ||
Examples of IoT applications are robotic obstacle detection and room layout scanning. | Examples of IoT applications are robotic obstacle detection and room layout scanning. | ||
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- | === Motion Detector | + | == Motion Detector == |
- | The motion detector is a sensor that detects moving objects, | + | The motion detector is a sensor that detects moving objects, |
- | Motion sensors are used in security alarm systems, automated lights and door control. As an example in IoT, the PIR motion sensor can be used to detect motion in security systems in a house or any building.\\Sample PIR sensor is present in {{ref> | + | Motion sensors are used in security alarm systems, automated lights and door control. As an example in IoT, the PIR motion sensor can detect motion in security systems in a house or any building.\\Sample PIR sensor is present in {{ref> |
<figure motion1> | <figure motion1> | ||
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<figure motion2> | <figure motion2> | ||
- | {{ : | + | {{ : |
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- | === Fluid Level Sensor | + | == Fluid Level Sensor == |
A level sensor detects the level of fluid or fluidised solid. Level sensors can be divided into two groups: | A level sensor detects the level of fluid or fluidised solid. Level sensors can be divided into two groups: | ||
- | * **continuous level sensors** that can detect the exact position of the fluid. | + | * **continuous level sensors** that can detect the exact position of the fluid. |
* **point-level sensors** can detect whether a fluid is above or below the sensor. A membrane with air pressure or changes in conductivity or capacitance can be used for level detection as a floating or mechanical switch. The output is usually a digital value that indicates //HIGH// or //LOW// value.\\ | * **point-level sensors** can detect whether a fluid is above or below the sensor. A membrane with air pressure or changes in conductivity or capacitance can be used for level detection as a floating or mechanical switch. The output is usually a digital value that indicates //HIGH// or //LOW// value.\\ | ||
- | Fluid level sensors can be used for smart waste management, | + | Fluid level sensors can be used for smart waste management, measuring tank levels, diesel fuel gauging, liquid assets inventory, chemical manufacturing, |
Sample level sensor is present in figure {{ref> | Sample level sensor is present in figure {{ref> | ||