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| en:iot-open:hardware2:actuators_mechanical [2023/10/03 10:37] – pczekalski | en:iot-open:hardware2:actuators_mechanical [2023/11/23 10:39] (current) – pczekalski |
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| ==== Electromechanical Devices ==== | ====== Electromechanical Devices ====== |
| | {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| General audience classification icon }}{{:en:iot-open:czapka_e.png?50| General audience classification icon }}\\ |
| | == Relay == |
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| === Relay === | Relays are electromechanical devices that use electromagnets to connect or disconnect the plates of a switch. Relays are used to control high-power circuits with low-power circuits. Both circuits are electrically isolated; thus, the control logic is protected from high voltage, sometimes from the power mains. Relays are used in household appliance automation, lighting and climate control. Although the electromagnet's coil of the relay requires relatively low power compared to the power capability of the output circuit, it cannot be connected directly to the microcontroller's pin. Creating the transistor driver or using a relay module with the driver built-in is possible. The sample relay module is present in figure {{ref>relay_photo}} and its connection to the Arduino development board in figure {{ref>relay_schematic}}. |
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| Relays are electromechanical devices that use electromagnets to connect or disconnect the plates of a switch. Relays are used to control high-power circuits with low-power circuits. Both circuits are electrically isolated; thus, the control logic is protected from high voltage, sometimes from the power mains. Relays are used in household appliance automation, lighting and climate control. Although the electromagnet's coil of the relay requires relatively low power compared to the power capability of the output circuit, it cannot be connected directly to the microcontroller's pin. Creating the transistor driver or using a relay module with the driver built-in is possible. The sample relay module is present in the figure {{ref>relay_photo}} and its connection to the Arduino development board in figure {{ref>relay_schematic}}. | |
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| <figure relay_photo> | <figure relay_photo> |
| </code> | </code> |
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| === Solenoid === | == Solenoid == |
| Solenoids are devices that use electromagnets to pull or push iron or steel cores. They are used as linear actuators for locking mechanisms indoors, pneumatic and hydraulic valves and in-car starter systems.\\ | Solenoids use electromagnets to pull or push iron or steel cores. They are used as linear actuators for locking mechanisms indoors, pneumatic and hydraulic valves and in-car starter systems.\\ |
| Solenoids and relays both use electromagnets, and connecting them to Arduino is very similar. Coils need a lot of power and are usually attached to the circuit's power source using a transistor driver. Turning the coil's power off makes the electromagnetic field collapse and creates a very high voltage. A shunt diode channels the overvoltage for the semiconductor devices' protection. For extra safety, an optoisolator can be used. Sample solenoid is present in figure {{ref>solenoid_photo}} and connection to the MCU in figure {{ref>solenoid_schematics}}. | Solenoids and relays use electromagnets, and connecting them to Arduino is very similar. Coils need much power and are usually attached to the circuit's power source using a transistor driver. Turning the coil's power off makes the electromagnetic field collapse and creates a very high voltage. A shunt diode channels the overvoltage for the semiconductor devices' protection. For extra safety, an optoisolator can be used. Sample solenoid is present in figure {{ref>solenoid_photo}} and connection to the MCU in figure {{ref>solenoid_schematics}}. |
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| <figure solenoid_photo> | <figure solenoid_photo> |
