• Eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks: Data exchange should be performed securely, making data interception by a third party impossible. Traditional data encryption schemes cannot be implemented in IoT devices, requiring lightweight encryption, which is not straightforward and is sometimes ignored by manufacturers. Transmitting unencrypted IoT data, including security data, makes IoT networks susceptible to eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks.

• Energy depletion attacks: In this kind of attack, an attacker tries to increase the energy consumption of a battery-powered IoT device significantly, drain the device's battery, and eventually shut down the device. Examples of such attacks include Denial of Sleep (DoS), flooding, a carousel, and stretch attacks <ref id=“rayes” />.

• Vampire attacks: Similar to energy depletion attacks, an attacker attempts to increase the energy consumption of a battery-powered IoT device, drain the device's battery, and eventually shut down the device. Examples include Denial of Sleep (DoS), flooding, a carousel, and stretch attacks <ref id=“rayes” />.

• Routing attacks: An attacker may manipulate the routing information of the devices to create routing loops, selectively forward packets, or intend to use longer routes to increase energy consumption. Some routing attacks include sinkholes, selective forwarding, wormholes, and Sybil attacks <ref id=“rayes” />.

• Jamming attacks: A denial of service attack in a shared wireless communication channel where a user may prevent other users from using the shared channel <ref id=“yanqiang” />. It is an attack targeting the IoT wireless network's physical or data link layer.

<references />

<ref id=“rayes”>Rayes, A.; Salam, S. “Internet of Things-From Hype to Reality”, Springer, 2017</ref> <ref id=“yanqiang”>Yan-Qiang, S.; Xiao-dong, W. “Handbook of Research on Developments and Trends in Wireless Sensor Networks: From Principle to Practice”, IGI Global, 2010, DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-701-5.ch015</ref>