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--- en:iot-open:practical:hardware:ittgroup:atmel [2024/04/16 10:52] – raivo.sell
+++ en:iot-open:practical:hardware:ittgroup:atmel [2025/09/02 08:36] (current) – raivo.sell
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Atmel AVR Laboratory Node Hardare Reference ======
+====== ITT AVR Laboratory Node Hardware Reference ======
+===== Introduction =====
+Each laboratory node is equipped with an ATmega2561 chip. Several peripherals, sensors and motors and network services are available for the user. The UI is necessary to observe results in the camera when programming remotely. Thus, a proper understanding of UI programming is essential to successfully using the devices.
-====== Controller module ATmega2561 v1.x ======
+{{  ::en:iot-open:practical:hardware:ittgroup:avr_kauglabor.png?580  |}}
+===== Hardware reference =====
 The main module is a controller development board (controller board) equipped with the AVR ATmega2561 microcontroller. In addition to the microcontroller, the board consists of several peripherals, voltage stabilizer, connectors, JTAG programmer, Ethernet, SD memory card slot. The controller board has the following features:
@@ Line 20: / Line 25: @@
   * Automatic power switch USB or external power supply
   * Built-in voltage stabilizer, with 5 V and 3,3 V output
-[{{  :kit:atmega2561.jpg?580  |Controller module}}]
-The module is equipped with a AC/DC rectifier circuit and a LDO voltage stabilizer (with low dropout) -an external feeder with voltage stabilization is not needed.
+<figure atmega2561>
-The module can be powered with a step down transformer with an output voltage which is greater than 6 volts and lower than 15 volts. In order to reduce power losses it is recommended to use power supply between 6-9V.  The POWER LED signalizes a connected feed (“POWER” description on the board).
+{{  :kit:atmega2561.jpg?580  |}}
-All ATmega2561 signals are available on three connectors on the edge of the board. Connectors pin assignment is described in the next part of this instruction. It includes full descriptions of ATmega2561 pins and their alternative functions. The module is equipped with a microprocessor reset circuit (when power on) and a reset button for a microprocessor restart. A microprocessor can be programmed with an on-board JTAG programmer over USB or with an ISP interface.
+<caption>Controller module</caption>
-To the seventh pin of port B (named as PB7) the status LED (described as PB7 on the board) is connected. This LED can be used as a status indicator of application software. Low state on PB7 pin causes the status LED to be lit.
+</figure>
-The module is equipped with SD memory card slot, where it can be used as a standard microSD memory card. The memory card is connected to the microcontroller via the ISP interface and can be used to store data where data must be maintained even if the power supply is removed.
-[{{:kit:atmega2561_sch.png?580|Components on the Controller board}}]
+==== Connector Pins and Functions ====
+All ATmega2561 signals are available on three connectors on the edge of the board.
-===== Connector Pins and Functions =====
 {{:kit:pf_2561.png?450  |}}
@@ Line 47: / Line 50: @@
 |11|PF3|ADC3|ADC Input Channel 3|
 |12|GND|-|GND |
-<pagebreak>
 {{:kit:pe-pb-pd.png?450  |}}
@@ Line 111: / Line 112: @@
-===== User Interface module =====
+==== User Interface module ====
-The User Interface module is designed for simple tasks and basic process control. Module has three push-buttons and three LEDs, which can be used as digital inputs and outputs of microcontroller. Additionally to simple LEDs the module is equipped with 7-segment indicator, graphical LCD display, alphanumeric LCD outputs and a buzzer. User Interface module is handy to use along with other modules enabling to control the output device behavior, like motors and display the sensor readings.
+The User Interface module is designed for simple tasks and basic process control. Module has three push-buttons and three LEDs, which can be used as digital inputs and outputs of microcontroller. Additionally to simple LEDs the module is equipped with 7-segment indicator, graphical LCD display and a buzzer. User Interface module is handy to use along with other modules enabling to control the output device behavior, like motors and display the sensor readings.
 Module features:
@@ Line 120: / Line 121: @@
   * 7-segment indicator;
   * Graphical LCD;
-  * Alphanumeric LCD connector;
   * Buzzer;
+<figure ui>
 {{:examples:ui:UI_v53.jpg?450|}}
+<caption>User Interface module module</caption>
+</figure>
-===== Electrical connections =====
-User Interface module is connected to Controller module to ports PA/PC/PG, which includes the 8-pin ports PA and PC and 6-pin port PG.
-User Interface module is equipped with three buttons S1, S2, S3 which are connected to ports PC0, PC1, PC2 accordingly. The other end of buttons are connected through the resistors to ground (logical 0). LED1, LED2 and LED3 on the module are connected to the ports PC3, PC4, PC5 accordingly. The anodes of LEDs are connected to the supply (logical 1).
+=== Electrical connections ===
+The User Interface module is connected to the Controller module to ports PA/PC/PG, which includes the 8-pin ports PA and PC and the 6-pin port PG.
-[{{  :examples:ui:ui_button_led_schematics_v51.png?580  |Schematics of buttons and LEDs}}]
+The User Interface module is equipped with three buttons, S1, S2, and S3, which are connected to ports PC0, PC1, and PC2, respectively. The other ends of the buttons are connected through the resistors to ground (logical 0). LED1, LED2, and LED3 on the module are connected to the ports PC3, PC4, and PC5, respectively. The anodes of LEDs are connected to the supply (logical 1).
-~~CL~~
+<figure ui_s>
+{{  :examples:ui:ui_button_led_schematics_v51.png?580  |}}
+<caption>Schematics of buttons and LEDs</caption>
+</figure>
-User Interface module is equipped with 7-segment indicator, which is connected to the microcontroller ports through the driver A6275. Driver data bus (S-IN) is connected to pin PC6, clock signal (CLK) to the pin PC7 and latch signal (LATCH) to pin PG2.
-[{{ :examples:digi:digi_io_7seg_schematics_v51.png?580  |Schematics of 7-segment indicator}}]
 ~~CL~~
-The graphical LCD display on the module is connected to port PA. In parallel the same port has external connector where all pins are aligned according to the standard 2 x 16 alphanumeric LCD 4 bit control. The user can choose whether to use the graphical or alphanumeric LCD. It is not possible to use both at the same time. The graphical LCD's background lighting can be logically controlled by the software. The back-light intensity of the alphanumeric LCD is regulated with on-board resistor and graphical LCD back-light can be controlled by the software. Both LCD displays are connected to port PA but only one at a time can be used. When selecting the alphanumeric LCD the jumper should be removed to avoid random control of graphical LCD background light.
+The User Interface module is equipped with a 7-segment indicator, which is connected to the microcontroller ports through the driver A6275. Driver data bus (S-IN) is connected to pin PC6, clock signal (CLK) to the pin PC7, and latch signal (LATCH) to pin PG2.
-[{{:examples:ui:ui_lcd_schematics_v51.png?580|Schematics of LCD}}]
+<figure ui_7>
+{{ :examples:digi:digi_io_7seg_schematics_v51.png?580  |}}
+<caption>Schematics of 7-segment indicator</caption>
+</figure>
 ~~CL~~
-The buzzer is connected with controller board's pin PG5 and with Vcc. It's possible to generate sound with Robotic Homelab library or with your own software.
+The graphical LCD display on the module is connected to port PA. LCD's background lighting can be logically controlled by the software.
+<figure ui_lcd>
+{{:examples:ui:ui_lcd_schematics_v51.png?580|}}
+<caption>Schematics of LCD</caption>
+</figure>
-[{{  :examples:ui:ui_speaker_schematics.png?150  |Schematics of buzzer}}]
-<pagebreak>
-====== Combo module ======
+==== Combo module ====
-Combo module is used in this remote Laboratory to power the motors and connect external sensors.
+The combo module is used in this remote Laboratory to power the motors and connect external sensors.
-Combo module is able to drive following motors:
+The combo module can drive the following motors:
   * 4 x DC motors
   * 1 x Stepper
@@ Line 162: / Line 170: @@
 \\
-Connect following sensors:
+Connect the following sensors:
   * 4 x analog
   * 4 x digital
   * 2 x coder
-  * 8x digital inputs trough parallel to serial converter
+  * 8x digital inputs through a parallel-to-serial converter
 \\
 \\
-Use the following communication interfaces:
+<figure combo>
-  * UART (3,3 or 5 V )
+{{:kit:combo:combo_xbeega.jpg?600|}}
-  * ZigBee / Bluetooth / RFID / WiFi / GPS wireless communication module
+<caption>Combo board with XBee module</caption>
+</figure>
-[{{:kit:combo:combo_xbeega.jpg?600|Combo board with XBee module}}]
+=== Electrical connections ===
-===== Electrical connections =====
+The combo board is connected with the controller using PA-PB-PC-PD-PE-PF ports. DC and stepper motor feeds come from an external power cord; the servo motor feed comes through a 5V voltage regulator, also from an external power cord. The motor's power circuit is separated from the controller's power circuit.
-Combo board is connected with controller using PA-PB-PC-PD-PE-PF ports. DC and stepper motor feeds come from external power cord, servo motors feed comes trough 5V voltage regulator also from external power cord. Motors power circuit is separated from controller's power circuit. If external power feed is correctly connected to the Combo board the green PWR led will lit.
+=== DC motors ===
-===== DC motors =====
+DC motors are connected to the DC group of pins. Every pair of pins can control 1 DC motor, thus it's possible to manipulate 4 DC motors. The combo board uses {{:datasheets:datasheet_h_sild_bd6226fp.pdf|bd6226fp}} H-bridge to control DC motors. It's possible to manipulate a device that can be controlled digitally, with a current of less than 1 A and a voltage of no more than 18 V, such as a DC motor with DC pins (e.g., Piezoelectric generator, relay).
-DC motors is connected to the DC group of pins. Every pair of pins can control 1 dc motor, thus it's possible to manipulate 4 dc motors. Combo board uses {{:datasheets:datasheet_h_sild_bd6226fp.pdf|bd6226fp}} H-bridge to control dc motors. It's possible to manipulate some other device, what can be controlled digitally and it's current is smaller than 1 A and voltage does not exceed 18 V, beside dc motor with DC pins (Piezoelectric generator, relay etc).
+<figure combo_m>
+{{:en:iot-open:practical:hardware:ittgroup:h-sild2.jpg?640|}}
+<caption>DC motor connection scheme</caption>
+</figure>
-[{{:et:hardware:homelab:h-sild2.png?600|DC motor connection scheme}}]
 ~~CL~~
@@ Line 199: / Line 210: @@
-==== Stepper motor ====
+=== Stepper motor ===
-[{{:et:hardware:homelab:steper2.png?580|Stepper connection scheme }}]
+<figure combo_s>
+{{:en:iot-open:practical:hardware:ittgroup:steper2.jpg?250|}}
+<caption>Stepper connection scheme</caption>
+</figure>
 ~~CL~~
-==== Servomotor ====
+=== Servomotor ===
-Servo is connected to //Servo// group of pins. Ground wire is connected to the GND pin which is the pin nearest to the board edge. It's possible to use 2 servomotors at once. Signal pins on the Combo module is directly connected to the controller's timer's output pins.
+The servo motor is connected to //Servo// group of pins. Ground wire is connected to the GND pin, which is the pin nearest to the board edge. It's possible to use two servomotors at once. Signal pins on the Combo module are directly connected to the controller's timer output pins.
+<figure combo_se>
+{{:en:iot-open:practical:hardware:ittgroup:servo2.jpg?100|}}
+<caption>Servomotor connection scheme </caption>
+</figure>
-[{{:et:hardware:homelab:servo2.png?200|Servomotor connection scheme }}]
 ~~CL~~
@@ Line 213: / Line 232: @@
 | PB5(OC1A) | PWM1  |  Top |
 | PB6(OC1B) | PWM2  |  Bottom |
-===== Sensors =====
-==== ADC sensor inputs ====
-Combo module has 4 ADC input pins, every ADC input pin forms a group with //Vcc// (+5 V) and ground which is marked as //GND//, that makes them ideal to use to connect analog sensors.
-[{{:et:hardware:homelab:adc_andurid2.png?300|Analog sensor inputs scheme}}]
-~~CL~~
-^ AVR pin ^ Signal ^ Socket ^
-| PF0(ADC0) | ADC0  |  Top |
-| PF1(ADC1) | ADC1  |  Bottom |
-| PF2(ADC2) | ADC2  |  Top |
-| PF3(ADC3) | ADC3  |  Bottom |
-==== Digital inputs ====
-Combo module has 4 groups of pins where to connect digital sensors. Every group consist of +5 V also called //Vcc//, ground also called //GND// and signal pin.
-[{{:et:hardware:homelab:dio_andurid2.png?300|Digital sensor connecting scheme }}]
-~~CL~~
-^ AVR pin ^ Signal ^ Socket ^
-| PE2(XCK0/AIN0) | PE2 |  Top    |
-| PE3(OC3A/AIN1) | PE3 |  Bottom |
-| PE4(OC3B/INT4) | PE4 |  Top    |
-| PE5(OC3C/INT5) | PE5 |  Bottom |
-===== Digital serial input =====
-Combo module has with 8 input pins parallel in serial out shift register 74HC/HCT165, what is able to read in 8 digital signals and convert it to 8 bit digital number. Those inputs are suitable for line follower applications.
-[{{:et:hardware:homelab:dio2.png?600|Shift register connection scheme, odd pins are on top}}]
-~~CL~~
-^ AVR pin ^ Signal ^
-| PA7(AD7) | Q7 |
-| PC7(A15) | CP |
-| PA6(AD6) | PL |
-| GND      | CE |
-==== Coder ====
-[{{:et:hardware:homelab:enkooder2.png?300|Coder connection scheme}}]
-~~CL~~
-^ AVR pin ^ Signal ^
-| PE6 | Coder 1 |
-| PE7 | Coder 2 |

en/iot-open/practical/hardware/ittgroup/atmel.1713264776.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/04/16 10:52 by raivo.sell