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| en:iot-open:networking2:wired [2023/11/11 09:52] – created pczekalski | en:iot-open:networking2:wired [2023/11/23 16:11] (current) – pczekalski |
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| ===== Media Layers – Wired Networking ===== | |
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| | ====== Media Layers - Wired Network Protocols ====== |
| | {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| General audience classification icon }}{{:en:iot-open:czapka_m.png?50| General audience classification icon }}{{:en:iot-open:czapka_e.png?50| General audience classification icon }}\\ |
| While the IoT ecosystem is usually considered to be composed of wireless devices, it is still possible to connect IoT solutions using a wired connection. | While the IoT ecosystem is usually considered to be composed of wireless devices, it is still possible to connect IoT solutions using a wired connection. |
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| When wireless-enabled SoCs were about to be delivered to the market (i.e. ESP8266), extension devices were already available for popular embedded systems, like Ethernet Shield for Arduino boards. | When wireless-enabled SoCs were about to be delivered to the market (e.g. ESP8266), extension devices were already available for popular embedded systems, like Ethernet Shield for Arduino boards (figure {{ref>net_ethernet_shields}}). |
| <figure net_ethernet_shields> | <figure net_ethernet_shields> |
| {{ :en:iot-open:communications_and_communicating_sut:a000068_iso.jpg?200 |}} | {{ :en:iot-open:communications_and_communicating_sut:a000068_iso.jpg?200 | Ethernet shields for Arduino boards - image 1}} |
| {{ :en:iot-open:communications_and_communicating_sut:nano-w5100-ethernet-shield-network-expansion-board-nano-v3-0-top.jpg_640x640.jpg?150 |}} | {{ :en:iot-open:communications_and_communicating_sut:nano-w5100-ethernet-shield-network-expansion-board-nano-v3-0-top.jpg_640x640.jpg?150 | Ethernet shields for Arduino boards - image 2}} |
| <caption>Ethernet shields for Arduino boards.</caption> | <caption>Ethernet shields for Arduino boards</caption> |
| </figure> | </figure> |
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| Cooper-based wired networks also bring an extra feature to the IoT designers – an ability to power the device via a wired connection, i.e. PoE (Power over Ethernet) – 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_over_Ethernet)). Long-distance connections may be implemented using optic-based, fibre connections, but those require physical medium converters that are usually quite complex, pretty expensive and power consuming; thus, they apply only to the niche IoT solutions. | Copper-based wired networks also bring an extra feature to the IoT designers – an ability to power the device via a wired connection, e.g. PoE (Power over Ethernet) – 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_over_Ethernet)). Long-distance connections may be implemented using optic-based, fibre connections, but those require physical medium converters that are usually quite complex, pretty expensive and power consuming; thus, they apply only to the niche IoT solutions. |
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| <note>The mentioned optical connections do not cover so-called LiFi, as those are considered to be of a wireless nature((https://www.techworld.com/data/what-is-li-fi-everything-you-need-know-3632764/)).</note> | <note>The mentioned optical connections do not cover so-called LiFi, as those are considered to be of a wireless nature((https://www.techworld.com/data/what-is-li-fi-everything-you-need-know-3632764/)).</note> |
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| A non-exhaustive list of some present and former wired networking solutions is presented in Table {{ref>wired_protocols}}. | A non-exhaustive list of some present and former wired networking solutions is presented in table {{ref>wired_protocols}}. |
| <table wired_protocols> | <table wired_protocols> |
| <caption>A Short Review of the Most Popular Wired Networking Standards</caption> | <caption>A Short Review of the Most Popular Wired Networking Standards</caption> |
| </table> | </table> |
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| Nowadays, the most popular wired networks are 10/100/1000 BaseT – twisted pair with Cat 5, 5e and 6 cables. They require the IoT system to implement a full TCP/IP stack to operate seamlessly with conventional Internet/Intranet/Extranet networks. Because it is usually out of the scope of standard Arduino Uno processor capabilities to implement a full TCP stack, there are typically dedicated processors on the network interfaces that assist the central processor or even handle all networking tasks themselves. | The most popular wired networks are 10/100/1000 BaseT – twisted pair with Cat 5, 5e and 6 cables. They require the IoT system to implement a full TCP/IP stack to operate seamlessly with conventional Internet/Intranet/Extranet networks. Because it is usually out of the scope of standard Arduino Uno processor capabilities to implement a full TCP stack, there are typically dedicated processors on the network interfaces that assist the central processor or even handle all networking tasks themselves. |
