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--- en:iot-open:introduction:application_domains_and_their_specifics [2023/11/13 17:16] – ekontoturbo
+++ en:iot-open:introduction:application_domains_and_their_specifics [2023/11/29 10:36] (current) – ktokarz
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+====== IoT Application Domains ======
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-===== IoT Application Domains =====
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 There is a rapid increase in the adoption of IoT in the various sectors (e.g., intelligent transport systems, smart health care, smart manufacturing, smart homes, smart cities, smart agriculture, and smart energy) of the society or economy. IoT technologies are being applied in the various sectors of the economy to increase efficiency, solve technical challenges, and create value to increase companies' earnings and improve user experience. The increasing adoption of IoT technologies in the various sectors of the economy or industry has made IoT technology the pillar of the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions (industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0).
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   * robotics,
   * smart grids.
+\\
 **Smart Homes** are one of the first examples that come to mind when discussing the Internet of Things domain applications. Smart home benefits include reduced energy wastage, the quality and reliability of devices, system security, reduced cost of basic needs, etc. Some home automation examples are environmental control systems that monitor and control heating, ventilation, air conditioning and sunscreens; electrical charging of vehicles; solar panels for electrical power and hot water; ambient lighting control, smart lighting for aquaria; home cooking and food ordering; access control (doors, garage, gate); smart plant irrigation systems (both indoors and outdoors); baby monitoring; timed pet food dispensers; monitoring perishable goods (for example, in the refrigerator); household items remote monitoring (for instance, of washer cycle status); tracking and proactive maintenance scheduling (such as e.g. electric car charging); event-triggered task execution. Home security also plays a significant role in smart homes. Examples of applications are automatic door locks, sensors for opening doors and windows, pressure, motion and infrared sensors, security cameras, notifications about security (to the owner or the police) and fitness-related applications.
-In **Smart City**, multiple IoT-based services are applied to different areas of urban settings. The aim of the smart city is the best use of public resources, improvement of the quality of resources provided to people and reduction of operating costs of public administration ((https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01581127/file/2016-TE2016-Taxonomy-for-IoT-Sensors.pdf)). A smart city can include many solutions like smart buildings, smart grids for improving energy management, smart tourism, monitoring of the state of the roads and occupation of parking lots, public transportation optimisation, public safety, environment monitoring, automatic street lighting, signalling with smart power devices, control of water levels for hydropower or flood warnings, electricity-generating devices like solar panels and wind turbines, weather monitoring stations. **Transportation** in smart cities may include aviation, monitoring and forecasting of traffic slowdowns, timetables and current status, navigation and route planning, as well as vehicle diagnostics and maintenance reports, remote maintenance services, traffic accident information collection, fleet management using digital tachographs, smart parking, car/bicycle sharing services ((https://www.w3.org/WoT/IG/wiki/Use_cases_across_application_domains#Use_Cases_and_Applications)). IoT in transportation makes cars interconnected, particularly in the approaching autonomous vehicles era.
+In **Smart City**, multiple IoT-based services are applied to different areas of urban settings. The aim of the smart city is the best use of public resources, improvement of the quality of resources provided to people and reduction of operating costs of public administration ((https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01581127/file/2016-TE2016-Taxonomy-for-IoT-Sensors.pdf)). A smart city can include many solutions like smart buildings, smart grids for improving energy management, smart tourism, monitoring of the state of the roads and occupation of parking lots, public transportation optimisation, public safety, environment monitoring, automatic street lighting, signalling with smart power devices, control of water levels for hydropower or flood warnings, electricity-generating devices like solar panels and wind turbines, weather monitoring stations.\\
+Transportation in smart cities may include aviation, monitoring and forecasting of traffic slowdowns, timetables and current status, navigation and route planning, as well as vehicle diagnostics and maintenance reports, remote maintenance services, traffic accident information collection, fleet management using digital tachographs, smart parking, car/bicycle sharing services ((https://www.w3.org/WoT/IG/wiki/Use_cases_across_application_domains#Use_Cases_and_Applications)). IoT in transportation makes cars interconnected, particularly in the approaching autonomous vehicles era.
 **Smart Grid** is a digital power distribution system. This system gathers information using smart meters, sensors and other devices. After these data are processed, power distribution can be adapted accordingly. Smart grids deliver sustainable, economical and secure electricity supplies efficiently.
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 Devices used in daily life like Fitbit ((https://www.fitbit.com)) are used to track people's health and exercise progress in previously impossible ways, and smartwatches allow to access smartphones using this device on the wrist. But wearables are not limited only to wearing them on the wrist. They can also be glasses equipped with a camera, a sports bundle attached to the shoes, a camera attached to the helmet, or a necklace ((http://www.businessinsider.com/wearable-technology-iot-devices-2016-8)).
-**Smart supply chains**
+**Smart supply chains** integrate IoT and other modern information and communication technologies to manage supply chain systems and facilitate the flow of raw materials and finished goods, increasing efficiency and productivity in manufacturing, transportation, retail, distribution, shipping, planning and management. IoT sensors are installed throughout the supply chain infrastructure to collect monitoring data, sent to data analytic platforms for advanced analytics. The analysis results are used for the various stakeholders to make quick decisions and react or respond quickly when necessary. Some tasks are automated using IoT actuators controlled by commands from data analytics platforms that analyse sensor data and then carry out control measures or responses. Some of the IoT use cases in supply chains include:
-Integrating IoT and other modern information and communication technologies to manage supply chain systems and facilitate the flow of raw materials and finished goods is increasing efficiency and productivity in manufacturing, transportation, retail, distribution, shipping, planning and management. IoT sensors are installed throughout the supply chain infrastructure to collect monitoring data, sent to data analytic platforms for advanced analytics. The analysis results are used for the various stakeholders to make quick decisions and react or respond quickly when necessary. Some tasks are automated using IoT actuators controlled by commands from data analytics platforms that analyse sensor data and then carry out control measures or responses. Some of the IoT use cases in supply chains include:
   *Location tracking -the tracking of the location of raw materials and finished goods throughout the supply chain.
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   *Stock management -managing the available warehouse stocks, deliveries and orders.
-Integrating IoT into supply chains and other technologies such as AI and blockchains is transforming supply chains, increasing efficiency and productivity. The supply chain bottlenecks experienced during and after the COVID-19 period demonstrate the need to increase the efficiency of supply chains even though they are getting more complex. The deployment of IoT and other modern technologies to automate some of the processes to increase efficiency and productivity is very important.
+Integrating IoT into supply chains and other technologies such as AI and blockchains transforms supply chains, increasing efficiency and productivity. The supply chain bottlenecks experienced during and after the COVID-19 period demonstrate the need to increase the efficiency of supply chains even though they are getting more complex. The deployment of IoT and other modern technologies to automate some of the processes to increase efficiency and productivity is very important.
-**IoT-supported retail stores**
+**IoT-supported retail stores**, used to automate some of the processes in supermarkets and small and medium-sized shops. It is driven by the shortage of workers to work in retail stores, the need to reduce costs, and to reduce waiting lines in retail stores. Using IoT technologies to automate some processes increases efficiency and productivity, especially in inventory management, supply chain management, and customer service. Some of the IoT use cases in retail stores include:
-There is a rapid adoption of IoT technologies to automate some of the processes in supermarkets and small and medium-sized shops. It is driven by the shortage of workers to work in retail stores, the need to reduce costs, and to reduce waiting lines in retail stores. Using IoT technologies to automate some processes increases efficiency and productivity, especially in inventory management, supply chain management, and customer service. Some of the IoT use cases in retail stores include:
   *Automated checkout points where customers can serve themselves without needing customer service agents.
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 Supermarkets and shops are becoming smarter with the increased deployment of IoT technologies to automate some of their processes to increase efficiency and productivity and decrease cost. With the gradual decrease in the cost of IoT technologies, supermarkets and small and medium-sized stores will adopt IoT technologies to automate some of their processes.
-**IoT-based Intelligent Transport Systems (IoT-ITS)**
+**IoT-based Intelligent Transport Systems (IoT-ITS)**, that integrate modern Information and Communication Systems and modern technologies into transportation systems to increase productivity and efficiency. It involves using IoT sensors to collect real-time data, which enables real-time monitoring and control to increase the productivity and efficiency of transportation systems and to satisfy some design goals (e.g., reduction of emissions and accidents, improvement of user experiences). Some of the benefits of intelligent transportation systems include:
-Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) integrate modern Information and Communication Systems and modern technologies into transportation systems to increase productivity and efficiency. It involves using IoT sensors to collect real-time data, which enables real-time monitoring and control to increase the productivity and efficiency of transportation systems and to satisfy some design goals (e.g., reduction of emissions and accidents, improvement of user experiences). Some of the benefits of intelligent transportation systems include:
   *Reduction of road traffic, which increases user experience, reduces energy consumption and lowers emissions.
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   * Monitoring of structural properties of the public transport infrastructure to inform users to be aware, ensuring their safety.
-**Internet of Military Things (IoMT)**
+**Internet of Military Things (IoMT)**, also known as the Military Internet of Things (M-IoT) or Battlespace IoT (B-IoT), is the integration of IoT sensor and actuator devices into military weapons and battlefield infrastructure for information gathering and automation of some processes, increasing the efficiency of intelligence gathering and combat. Some battlefield assets such as ships, aircraft, battle tanks, weapons, munitions, drones, tucks, soldiers, and operating bases are connected to enable seamless interoperability and efficient cooperation between the various units and systems on the battlefield. The massive amount of data gathered by the sensors embedded within the different military systems provides the relevant stakeholders within the military chain of command a comprehensive situational awareness, improving the efficiency of the command and control and combat operations, especially in complex and diverse conflict zones.
-The Internet of Military Things (IoMT), also known as the Military Internet of Things (M-IoT) or Battlespace IoT (B-IoT), is the integration of IoT sensor and actuator devices into military weapons and battlefield infrastructure for information gathering and automation of some processes, increasing the efficiency of intelligence gathering and combat. Some battlefield assets such as ships, aircraft, battle tanks, weapons, munitions, drones, tucks, soldiers, and operating bases are connected to enable seamless interoperability and efficient cooperation between the various units and systems on the battlefield. The massive amount of data gathered by the sensors embedded within the different military systems provides the relevant stakeholders within the military chain of command a comprehensive situational awareness, improving the efficiency of the command and control and combat operations, especially in complex and diverse conflict zones.
 Using sensor networks, actuators and robots on the battlefield to increase situational awareness, risk assessment, response time, and precision is not new. Still, the rapid evolution of IoT technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) will radically transform the future battlefields. The combination of IoT, robotics, and AI will automate some military operations, increasing flexibility and precision during combat and reducing the number of casualties in terms of the number of soldiers killed during combat operations. A significant challenge with M-IoT or B-IoT is cyber security. Incorporating IoT sensors and actuator networks within the military systems and infrastructure exposes them to cyber security risks. A cyber security breach could compromise or disrupt command, control, and combat operations.
-**Green and sustainable IoT **
+**Green and sustainable IoT ** is the application of IoT technologies to reduce pollution and the impact of climate change on the environment and livelihoods. It also involves the application of IoT for resource management and conversations. Sensors are deployed to collect data from the environment. The data collected is analysed for rapid and timely decision-making and control, reducing pollution and conserving critical resources required to sustain ecosystems and human progress. Some of the green and sustainable IoT applications include the following:
-Green and sustainable IoT is the application of IoT technologies to reduce pollution and the impact of climate change on the environment and livelihoods. It also involves the application of IoT for resource management and conversations. Sensors are deployed to collect data from the environment. The data collected is analysed for rapid and timely decision-making and control, reducing pollution and conserving critical resources required to sustain ecosystems and human progress. Some of the green and sustainable IoT applications include the following:
   *Smart agriculture: One use case example is IoT-based smart irrigation systems designed to reduce water usage in agricultural operations.
   *Smart energy: Applying IoT technologies to reduce energy consumption (reducing the carbon footprint) and improve electricity infrastructure efficiency.

en/iot-open/introduction/application_domains_and_their_specifics.1699895781.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/11/13 17:16 by ekontoturbo