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| en:iot-open:introduction:application_domains_and_their_specifics [2023/11/06 15:04] – [IoT Application Domains] gkuaban | en:iot-open:introduction:application_domains_and_their_specifics [2023/11/29 10:36] (current) – ktokarz | ||
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| - | ===== ===== | + | ====== IoT Application Domains |
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| - | <box # | + | There is a rapid increase in the adoption of IoT in the various sectors (e.g., intelligent transport systems, smart health care, smart manufacturing, |
| - | ===== IoT Application Domains ===== | + | |
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| - | Application domains of the Internet of Things solutions are vast. Most prominent | + | Application domains of the Internet of Things solutions are vast. Some of the applications |
| * building and home automation, | * building and home automation, | ||
| * smart water, | * smart water, | ||
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| * robotics, | * robotics, | ||
| * smart grids. | * smart grids. | ||
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| + | **Smart Homes** are one of the first examples that come to mind when discussing the Internet of Things domain applications. Smart home benefits include reduced energy wastage, the quality and reliability of devices, system security, reduced cost of basic needs, etc. Some home automation examples are environmental control systems that monitor and control heating, ventilation, | ||
| - | **Smart Homes** are one of the first examples that come to mind when discussing Internet of Things domain applications. Smart home benefits include reduced energy wastage, the quality and reliability of devices, system security, reduced cost of basic needs, etc. Some home automation examples are environmental control systems that monitor and control heating, ventilation, | + | In **Smart City**, multiple IoT-based services are applied to different areas of urban settings. The aim of the smart city is the best use of public resources, improvement of the quality of resources provided to people and reduction of operating costs of public administration ((https:// |
| - | + | Transportation in smart cities may include aviation, monitoring and forecasting of traffic slowdowns, timetables and current status, navigation and route planning, as well as vehicle diagnostics and maintenance reports, remote maintenance services, traffic accident information collection, fleet management using digital tachographs, | |
| - | In **Smart City**, multiple IoT-based services are applied to different areas of urban settings. The aim of the smart city is the best use of public resources, improvement of the quality of resources provided to people and reduction of operating costs of public administration ((https:// | + | |
| **Smart Grid** is a digital power distribution system. This system gathers information using smart meters, sensors and other devices. After these data are processed, power distribution can be adapted accordingly. Smart grids deliver sustainable, | **Smart Grid** is a digital power distribution system. This system gathers information using smart meters, sensors and other devices. After these data are processed, power distribution can be adapted accordingly. Smart grids deliver sustainable, | ||
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| In **Precision Agriculture** and **Smart Farming** IoT solutions can be used to monitor the moisture of the soil and conditions of the plants, control microclimate conditions and monitor the weather conditions to improve farming ((https:// | In **Precision Agriculture** and **Smart Farming** IoT solutions can be used to monitor the moisture of the soil and conditions of the plants, control microclimate conditions and monitor the weather conditions to improve farming ((https:// | ||
| - | **Internet of Food** integrates many of the aforementioned | + | **Internet of Food** integrates many of the abovementioned |
| - | Similar to precision agriculture, | + | Like precision agriculture, |
| - | **Industrial IoT** and **smart factories** are part of the Industry 4.0 revolution. In this model, modern factories can automate complex manufacturing tasks, thanks to the Machine-To-Machine communication model, which provides more flexibility in the manufacturing process to enable personalised, | + | **Industrial IoT** and **smart factories** are part of the Industry 4.0 revolution. In this model, modern factories can automate complex manufacturing tasks, thanks to the Machine-To-Machine communication model, which provides more flexibility in the manufacturing process to easily |
| - | In the **healthcare and wellness**, IoT applications can monitor and diagnose patients and manage people and medical resources. It allows remote and continuous | + | In the **healthcare and wellness**, IoT applications can monitor and diagnose patients and manage people and medical resources. It allows remote and continuous |
| **Wearables** used in IoT applications should be highly energy efficient, ultra-low power and small-sized. Wearables are installed with sensors and software for data and information collected about the user. | **Wearables** used in IoT applications should be highly energy efficient, ultra-low power and small-sized. Wearables are installed with sensors and software for data and information collected about the user. | ||
| - | Devices used in daily life like Fitbit ((https:// | + | Devices used in daily life like Fitbit ((https:// |
| - | **Smart supply chains** | + | **Smart supply chains** |
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| - | The integration of IoT and other modern information and communication technologies to manage supply chain systems and facilitate the flow of raw materials and finished goods is increasing efficiency and productivity in the fields of manufacturing, | + | |
| *Location tracking -the tracking of the location of raw materials and finished goods throughout the supply chain. | *Location tracking -the tracking of the location of raw materials and finished goods throughout the supply chain. | ||
| - | *Monitoring the physical condition or the state of the products | + | *Monitoring the products' |
| *Asset monitoring and management (e.g., fleet management) -monitoring the various assets deployed throughout the supply chain to facilitate the smooth functioning of the supply chain. | *Asset monitoring and management (e.g., fleet management) -monitoring the various assets deployed throughout the supply chain to facilitate the smooth functioning of the supply chain. | ||
| - | *Stock management -managing the available stocks | + | *Stock management -managing the available |
| - | Integrating IoT into supply chains, together with other technologies such as AI and blockchains, is transforming | + | Integrating IoT into supply chains |
| - | **IoT-supported retail stores** | + | **IoT-supported retail stores**, |
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| - | Currently, there is a rapid adoption of IoT technologies | + | |
| *Automated checkout points where customers can serve themselves without needing customer service agents. | *Automated checkout points where customers can serve themselves without needing customer service agents. | ||
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| Supermarkets and shops are becoming smarter with the increased deployment of IoT technologies to automate some of their processes to increase efficiency and productivity and decrease cost. With the gradual decrease in the cost of IoT technologies, | Supermarkets and shops are becoming smarter with the increased deployment of IoT technologies to automate some of their processes to increase efficiency and productivity and decrease cost. With the gradual decrease in the cost of IoT technologies, | ||
| - | **IoT-based Intelligent Transport Systems (IoT-ITS)** | + | **IoT-based Intelligent Transport Systems (IoT-ITS)**, that integrate modern Information and Communication Systems and modern technologies into transportation systems to increase productivity and efficiency. It involves using IoT sensors to collect real-time data, which enables real-time monitoring and control to increase the productivity and efficiency of transportation systems and to satisfy some design goals (e.g., reduction of emissions and accidents, |
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| - | Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) integrate modern Information and Communication Systems and modern technologies into transportation systems to increase productivity and efficiency. It involves using IoT sensors to collect real-time data, which enables real-time monitoring and control to increase the productivity and efficiency of transportation systems and to satisfy some design goals (e.g., reduction of emissions and accidents, | + | |
| *Reduction of road traffic, which increases user experience, reduces energy consumption and lowers emissions. | *Reduction of road traffic, which increases user experience, reduces energy consumption and lowers emissions. | ||
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| *Increase user experience, e.g., reduce the time users spend waiting in traffic (efficient traffic management), | *Increase user experience, e.g., reduce the time users spend waiting in traffic (efficient traffic management), | ||
| - | In IoT-based Intelligent transport systems (IoT-ITS), IoT sensors are used to gather data, which is sent to computing platforms at a control centre when the data is processed and analysed. The analysis results inform various stakeholders for quick decision-making and timely response. The results of the computations can be sent to manipulate actuators to control some systems within the intelligent transportation system. Some of the use cases of Intelligent Transport Systems are: | + | In IoT-based Intelligent transport systems (IoT-ITS), IoT sensors are used to gather data sent to computing platforms at a control centre when the data is processed and analysed. The analysis results inform various stakeholders for quick decision-making and timely response. The results of the computations can be sent to manipulate actuators to control some systems within the intelligent transportation system. Some of the use cases of Intelligent Transport Systems are: |
| *Optimal traffic routing based on real-time traffic monitoring. | *Optimal traffic routing based on real-time traffic monitoring. | ||
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| * Monitoring of structural properties of the public transport infrastructure to inform users to be aware, ensuring their safety. | * Monitoring of structural properties of the public transport infrastructure to inform users to be aware, ensuring their safety. | ||
| - | **Internet of Military Things (IoMT)** | + | **Internet of Military Things (IoMT)**, also known as the Military Internet of Things (M-IoT) or Battlespace IoT (B-IoT), is the integration of IoT sensor and actuator devices into military weapons and battlefield infrastructure for information gathering and automation of some processes, increasing the efficiency of intelligence gathering and combat. Some battlefield assets such as ships, aircraft, battle tanks, weapons, munitions, drones, tucks, soldiers, and operating bases are connected to enable seamless interoperability and efficient cooperation between the various units and systems on the battlefield. The massive amount of data gathered by the sensors embedded within the different military systems provides the relevant stakeholders within the military chain of command a comprehensive situational awareness, improving the efficiency of the command and control and combat operations, especially in complex and diverse conflict zones. |
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| - | **Disaster and emergency response** | + | |
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| - | **Green | + | |
| + | Using sensor networks, actuators and robots on the battlefield to increase situational awareness, risk assessment, response time, and precision is not new. Still, the rapid evolution of IoT technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) will radically transform the future battlefields. The combination of IoT, robotics, and AI will automate some military operations, increasing flexibility and precision during combat and reducing the number of casualties in terms of the number of soldiers killed during combat operations. A significant challenge with M-IoT or B-IoT is cyber security. Incorporating IoT sensors and actuator networks within the military systems and infrastructure exposes them to cyber security risks. A cyber security breach could compromise or disrupt command, control, and combat operations. | ||
| + | **Green and sustainable IoT ** is the application of IoT technologies to reduce pollution and the impact of climate change on the environment and livelihoods. It also involves the application of IoT for resource management and conversations. Sensors are deployed to collect data from the environment. The data collected is analysed for rapid and timely decision-making and control, reducing pollution and conserving critical resources required to sustain ecosystems and human progress. Some of the green and sustainable IoT applications include the following: | ||
| + | *Smart agriculture: | ||
| + | *Smart energy: Applying IoT technologies to reduce energy consumption (reducing the carbon footprint) and improve electricity infrastructure efficiency. | ||
| + | *Environmental monitoring: Using IoT to monitor and control the level of pollution in the environment and to detect environmental disasters and prepare for them before they occur. | ||
| + | *Resource management: Application of IoT to conserve critical resources like water and wildlife. | ||
| + | *Supply chains: Increasing the efficiency of supply chains to reduce their carbon emission and other forms of pollution. | ||
| + | The IoT applications discussed above are just a few of the IoT applications that are being developed and adopted in various industries. New IoT application use cases are being designed, and a detailed discussion of almost all IoT applications is out of the scope of this book. However, the IoT applications presented above are a broad category of IoT applications. | ||
