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| en:iot-open:hardware2:sensors_electric [2023/11/20 18:20] – ekontoturbo | en:iot-open:hardware2:sensors_electric [2024/05/27 11:58] (current) – ktokarz |
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| ====== Electrical Characteristic Sensors ====== | ====== Electrical Characteristic Sensors ====== |
| Electrical characteristic sensors measure the voltage and amperage of the electric current. When the voltage and current sensors are used concurrently, the consumed power of the device can be determined. Electrical characteristic sensors can determine whether the device's circuit is working correctly. Different sensor circuits must be used to measure direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). If the parameters of the mains are to be measured, it must be done using transformers for safety reasons. | {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| General audience classification icon }}{{:en:iot-open:czapka_e.png?50| General audience classification icon }}\\ |
| | Electrical characteristic sensors measure the voltage and amperage of the electric current. When the voltage and current sensors are used concurrently, the device's consumed power can be determined. Electrical characteristic sensors can also determine whether the device's circuit is working correctly. Different sensor circuits must be used to measure direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). For safety reasons, the parameters of the mains must be measured using transformers. |
| | |
| | == Potentiometer == |
| | A potentiometer is a type of resistor whose resistance can be adjusted using a mechanical lever. The device consists of three terminals. The resistor between the first and the third terminal has a fixed value, but the second terminal is connected to the lever. Whenever the lever is turned, a slider of the resistor is moved; it changes the resistance between the second terminal and side terminals. Variable resistance causes the change of the voltage, which can be measured to determine the position of the lever. Thus, the potentiometer output is an analogue value.\\ |
| | Potentiometers are commonly used as a control level, for example, a volume level for the sound and joystick position. They can also be used to determine the angle in feedback loops with motors, such as servo motors. The potentiometer symbol is present in figure {{ref>potentiometer1}}, a device in figure {{ref>potentiometer2}} and a connection to the Arduino board in figure {{ref>potentiometer3}}. |
| | |
| | <figure potentiometer1> |
| | {{ :en:iot-open:getting_familiar_with_your_hardware_rtu_itmo_sut:arduino_and_arduino_101_intel_curie:potentiometer_symbol_europe.png?100 | Symbol of a potentiometer}} |
| | <caption>A symbol of a potentiometer</caption> |
| | </figure> |
| | |
| | <figure potentiometer2> |
| | {{ :en:iot-open:getting_familiar_with_your_hardware_rtu_itmo_sut:arduino_and_arduino_101_intel_curie:potentiometer_c.jpg?200 | Potentiometer}} |
| | <caption>A potentiometer</caption> |
| | </figure> |
| | |
| | <figure potentiometer3> |
| | {{ :en:iot-open:getting_familiar_with_your_hardware_rtu_itmo_sut:arduino_and_arduino_101_intel_curie:sch_apz_shemas_potentiometer.png?200 | Arduino and potentiometer circuit}} |
| | <caption>Arduino and potentiometer circuit</caption> |
| | </figure> |
| | |
| | An example code: |
| | <code c> |
| | |
| | //Potentiometer sensor output is connected to the analogue A0 pin |
| | int potentioPin = A0; |
| | //The analogue reading from the potentiometer output |
| | int potentioReading; |
| | |
| | void setup(void) { |
| | //Begin serial communication |
| | Serial.begin(9600); |
| | //Initialize the potentiometer analogue pin as an input |
| | pinMode(potentioPin, INPUT); |
| | } |
| | |
| | void loop(void) { |
| | //Read the analogue value of the potentiometer sensor |
| | potentioReading = analogRead(potentioPin); |
| | Serial.print("Potentiometer reading = "); //Print out |
| | Serial.println(potentioReading); |
| | delay(10); |
| | } |
| | </code> |
| |
| == Voltage Sensor == | == Voltage Sensor == |
| |
| <figure sensor_current3> | <figure sensor_current3> |
| {{ :en:iot-open:getting_familiar_with_your_hardware_rtu_itmo_sut:arduino_and_arduino_101_intel_curie:sch_apz_shemas_current.png?400 | Arduino and current sensor module schematics}} | {{ :en:iot-open:getting_familiar_with_your_hardware_rtu_itmo_sut:arduino_and_arduino_101_intel_curie:sch_apz_shemas_current.png?350 | Arduino and current sensor module schematics}} |
| <caption>Arduino and current sensor module schematics</caption> | <caption>Arduino and current sensor module schematics</caption> |
| </figure> | </figure> |
