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--- en:iot-open:hardware2:actuators_motors [2023/11/18 16:11] – pczekalski
+++ en:iot-open:hardware2:actuators_motors [2023/11/23 11:26] (current) – pczekalski
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 ====== Actuators ======
+{{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| General audience classification icon }}{{:en:iot-open:czapka_e.png?50| General audience classification icon }}\\
 Actuators are devices that can do a physical action to the surrounding world. Most actuators are based on one of the forms of electric motors, sometimes directly, sometimes using a gearbox and advanced control logic.\\
 An electric motor is an electromechanical device which can turn electrical energy into mechanical energy. The motor turns because the electricity in its winding generates a magnetic field that inducts the mechanical force between the winding and the magnet. Electric motors are made in many variants, of which the simplest is the permanent-magnet DC motor.
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 </figure>
-When all switches are turned off, the motor is in free movement. It is not always acceptable, so two solutions can be implemented. If both positive or negative switches are turned on at the top or the bottom, then the motor coil is shorted, not allowing it to have a free rotation – it is slowed down faster. The fastest option to stop the motor is to turn the H-bridge in the opposite direction for a while. **Remember!** Neither of these braking mechanisms is good for the H-bridge or the power source because of excessive current appearance. This action is unacceptable without a particular reason because it can damage the switches or the power source. The motor management can be reflected in the table {{ref>hbridgetable}}.
+When all switches are turned off, the motor is in free movement. It is not always acceptable, so two solutions can be implemented. If both positive or negative switches are turned on at the top or the bottom, then the motor coil is shorted, not allowing it to have a free rotation – it is slowed down faster. The fastest option to stop the motor is to turn the H-bridge in the opposite direction for a while.
+<note warning>Neither of these braking mechanisms is good for the H-bridge or the power source because of excessive current appearance. This action is unacceptable without a particular reason because it can damage the switches or the power source.</note>
+The motor management can be reflected in the table {{ref>hbridgetable}}.
 <table hbridgetable>
@@ Line 122: / Line 126: @@
 </figure>
-<figure steppermotor1>
+<figure steppermotor2>
 {{ :en:iot-open:getting_familiar_with_your_hardware_rtu_itmo_sut:arduino_and_arduino_101_intel_curie:sch_apz_shemas_stepper.png?200 | Arduino Uno and stepper motor schematics}}
 <caption>Arduino Uno and stepper motor schematics</caption>
@@ Line 168: / Line 172: @@
 <figure servomotor>
-{{ :en:iot-open:getting_familiar_with_your_hardware_rtu_itmo_sut:arduino_and_arduino_101_intel_curie:servo1.png?560 | The pulse width modulated signal for different positions of servomotor}}
+{{ :en:iot-open:getting_familiar_with_your_hardware_rtu_itmo_sut:arduino_and_arduino_101_intel_curie:servo1.png?580 | The pulse width modulated signal for different positions of servomotor}}
 <caption>The pulse width modulated signal for different positions of servomotor</caption>
 </figure>
 Just like other motors, servomotors have different parameters, where the most important one is the time of performance – the time necessary to change the position to the defined position. The best enthusiast-level servomotors do a 60° turn in 0.09 s. There are three types of servomotors:
-  * **positional rotation servomotor** – most widely used type of servomotor. With the help of a management signal, it can determine the position of the rotation angle from its starting position;
+  * **Positional rotation servomotor** – most widely used type of servomotor. With the help of a management signal, it can determine the position of the rotation angle from its starting position.
-  * **continuous rotation servomotor** – this type of motor allows setting the speed and direction of the rotation using the management signal. If the position is less than 90°, it turns in one direction, but if more than 90°, it turns in the opposite direction. The speed is determined by the difference in value from 90°; 0° or 180° will turn the motor at its maximum speed while 91° or 89° at its minimum rate;
+  * **Continuous rotation servomotor** – this type of motor allows setting the speed and direction of the rotation using the management signal. If the position is less than 90°, it turns in one direction, but if more than 90°, it turns in the opposite direction. The speed is determined by the difference in value from 90°; 0° or 180° will turn the motor at its maximum speed while 91° or 89° at its minimum rate.
-  * **linear servomotor** – with the help of additional transfers, it allows moving forward or backward; it doesn't rotate.
+  * **Linear servomotor** – with the help of additional transfers, it allows moving forward or backwards; it doesn't rotate.
 Unfortunately, using Arduino, the servomotor is not as easily manageable as the DC motor. For this purpose, a special servomotor management library, "Servo.h" has been created. Using PWM signal in other MCUs may involve the use of hardware or software timers and may impact other features as the number of hardware timers used to be limited. Thus, "Servo.h" implementation may vary between microcontrollers and SDKs.
-Sample standard servo is present in figure {{ref>stdservo1}} and connection in figure {ref>stdservo2}}.
+Sample standard servo is present in figure {{ref>stdservo1}} and connection in figure {{ref>stdservo2}}.
 <figure stdservo1>

en/iot-open/hardware2/actuators_motors.1700323875.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/11/18 16:11 by pczekalski