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| en:iot-open:embeddedcommunicationprotocols2 [2023/11/21 16:14] – pczekalski | en:iot-open:embeddedcommunicationprotocols2 [2024/03/05 13:43] (current) – pczekalski | ||
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| - | ====== Embedded | + | ====== Embedded |
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| IoT systems and related data flows are typically structured into three primary layers {{ref> | IoT systems and related data flows are typically structured into three primary layers {{ref> | ||
| ((Internet of Things: Architectures, | ((Internet of Things: Architectures, | ||
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| === Digital === | === Digital === | ||
| Simple, true/false information can be processed via digital I/O. Most devices use positive logic, where, e.g. +5 V (TTL) or +3.3 V (the most popular, yet other voltage standards exist) presents a logical one, also referenced as //HIGH//. In contrast, 0V gives a logical zero, referenced as //LOW//. In real systems, this bounding is fuzzy. It brings some tolerance, simplifying, | Simple, true/false information can be processed via digital I/O. Most devices use positive logic, where, e.g. +5 V (TTL) or +3.3 V (the most popular, yet other voltage standards exist) presents a logical one, also referenced as //HIGH//. In contrast, 0V gives a logical zero, referenced as //LOW//. In real systems, this bounding is fuzzy. It brings some tolerance, simplifying, | ||
| - | Alternating //HIGH// and //LOW// constitutes a square wave signal, usually used as a clock signal (when symmetrical) or used to control the power delivered to the external devices with means of so-called | + | Alternating //HIGH// and //LOW// constitutes a square wave signal, usually used as a clock signal (when symmetrical) or used to control the power delivered to the external devices with means of so-called PWM. |
| === Communication Protocols === | === Communication Protocols === | ||
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| <WRAP excludefrompdf> | <WRAP excludefrompdf> | ||
| Details for selected protocols are presented in the following chapters: | Details for selected protocols are presented in the following chapters: | ||
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| </ | </ | ||
