Autonomy Software Stack

A typical autonomy software stack is organised into hierarchical layers, each responsible for a specific subset of functions — from low-level sensor control to high-level decision-making and fleet coordination. Although implementations differ across domains (ground, aerial, marine), the core architectural logic remains similar:

• Perception Layer – sensing and understanding the environment.
• Localisation Layer – determining position and orientation.
• Planning Layer – deciding what actions to take.
• Control Layer – executing those actions through actuators.
• System Layer – managing communication, hardware, and runtime.
• Infrastructure Layer – providing simulation, cloud services, and DevOps.

This layered design aligns closely with both robotics frameworks (ROS 2) and automotive architectures (AUTOSAR Adaptive).