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en:safeav:as:general [2025/10/17 08:55] โ€“ [Middleware and Frameworks] agrisniken:safeav:as:general [2025/10/17 08:57] (current) โ€“ [Middleware and Frameworks] agrisnik
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 <caption>Generic Autonomous System Architecture </caption> <caption>Generic Autonomous System Architecture </caption>
 </figure> </figure>
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 +===== The Role of AI and Machine Learning =====
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 +Modern autonomous systems increasingly integrate machine learning (ML) techniques for perception and decision-making. Deep neural networks enable real-time object detection, semantic segmentation, and trajectory prediction ((LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015). Deep learning. Nature, 521(7553), 436โ€“444)). However, these data-driven methods also introduce architectural challenges:
 +  * Increased computational load requiring edge GPUs or dedicated AI accelerators.
 +  * The need for robust validation and explainability to ensure safety.
 +  * Integration with deterministic control modules in hybrid architectures.
 +Thus, many systems adopt hybrid designs, combining traditional rule-based or dynamics-based control with data-driven inference modules, balancing interpretability and adaptability
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