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| en:multiasm:cs:chapter_3_9 [2025/12/05 11:03] – [Pipeline] ktokarz | en:multiasm:cs:chapter_3_9 [2025/12/05 11:37] (current) – [Hyperthreading] ktokarz | ||
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| ===== Superscalar ===== | ===== Superscalar ===== | ||
| - | The superscalar processor increases the speed of program execution because it can execute more than one instruction during a clock cycle. It is realised by simultaneously dispatching instructions to different execution units on the processor. The superscalar processor doesn' | + | The superscalar processor increases the speed of program execution because it can execute more than a single |
| <figure superscalar> | <figure superscalar> | ||
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| </ | </ | ||
| - | In the x86 family first processor with two paths of execution was Pentium with U and V pipelines. Modern x64 processors like i7 implement six execution units. Not all execution units have the same functionality, for example, | + | In the x86 family first processor with two paths of execution was the Pentium with two execution units called |
| <table executionunits> | <table executionunits> | ||
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| </ | </ | ||
| - | <note info> | + | |
| - | The real path of instruction processing is much more complex. Additional techniques are implemented to achieve better performance e.g. out-of-order execution, and register renaming. They are performed automatically by the processor and the assembler programmer does not influence their behaviour. | + | |
| - | </ | + | |
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| ===== Hyperthreading ===== | ===== Hyperthreading ===== | ||
| - | Hyper-Threading Technology is an Intel approach to simultaneous multithreading technology which allows the operating system to execute more than one thread on a single physical core. | + | Hyper-Threading Technology is an Intel approach to simultaneous multithreading technology, which allows the operating system to execute more than one thread on a single physical core. |
| - | For each physical core, the operating system defines two logical processor cores and shares the load between them when possible. The hyperthreading technology uses a superscalar architecture to increase the number of instructions that operate in parallel in the pipeline on separate data. With Hyper-Threading, | + | For each physical core, the operating system defines two logical processor cores and shares the load between them when possible. The hyperthreading technology uses a superscalar architecture to increase the number of instructions that operate in parallel in the pipeline on separate data. With Hyper-Threading, |
| + | <note info> | ||
| + | The real path of instruction processing is much more complex. Additional techniques are implemented to achieve better performance, | ||
| + | </ | ||
