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en:drones:legalrequirements [2021/03/12 14:29] – [A condensed beginners guide on flying regulations in EU as given by CAA] pczekalskien:drones:legalrequirements [Unknown date] (current) – external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-===== A beginners guide on flying regulations in EU as given by CAA ===== +===== A beginners guide on drone's flying regulations in the EU ===== 
-UE 2021 Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) legal drone flying requirements and rules as of the beginning of 2021. +UE Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) legal drone flying requirements and rules as of the beginning of 2021((https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/Easy%20Access%20Rules%20for%20Unmanned%20Aircraft%20Systems%20%28Regulations%20%28EU%29%202019-947%20and%20%28EU%29%202019-945%29.pdf)):((https://register-drones.caa.co.uk/drone-code/less-common-types-of-flying)): 
 ==== Getting what is needed to fly legally ==== ==== Getting what is needed to fly legally ====
  
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 There are different categories of operations. The categories affect things like where flyer can fly, and how close to people and crowds he can fly. There are different categories of operations. The categories affect things like where flyer can fly, and how close to people and crowds he can fly.
 <table> <table>
-<caption>Flying Categories</caption>+<caption>Drones Flying Categories</caption>
 ^  **Categories**  ^  **Type of Flying**  ^ ^  **Categories**  ^  **Type of Flying**  ^
 |  Open A1 and A3  |  Basic, low risk flying  | |  Open A1 and A3  |  Basic, low risk flying  |
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 <color #00a2e8>**1.**</color> Check if your drone or model aircraft has a class mark. The class mark will be marked on the drone or model aircraft and in any instructions. If not, go to step <color #00a2e8>3</color>. Find out what IDs you need depending on the weight or class of your drone or model aircraft. <color #00a2e8>**1.**</color> Check if your drone or model aircraft has a class mark. The class mark will be marked on the drone or model aircraft and in any instructions. If not, go to step <color #00a2e8>3</color>. Find out what IDs you need depending on the weight or class of your drone or model aircraft.
-{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_1.png?400 |Drone class mark}}+ 
 +<figure> 
 +{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_1.png?400 |Drone Class Mark types}} 
 +<caption>Drone Class Mark types</caption> 
 +</figure>
  
 <color #00a2e8>**2.**</color> If it does have a class mark, follow the class requirements table to see what ID you need. <color #00a2e8>**2.**</color> If it does have a class mark, follow the class requirements table to see what ID you need.
 <table> <table>
-<caption>Class mark requirements</caption> +<caption>Drones Class Mark requirements</caption> 
-^  **Class**  ^  **Flyer Id**  ^  **Operator ID**  ^ +^  **Mark**  ^  **Class**  ^  **Flyer Id**  ^  **Operator ID**  ^ 
-|  C0 – toy  |  No  |  No  | +|{{ :en:drones:class_0.jpg?50 |}} |  C0 – toy  |  No  |  No  | 
-|  C0 – not a toy –  no camera  |  No  |  No  | +|{{ :en:drones:class_0.jpg?50 |}} |  C0 – not a toy –  no camera  |  No  |  No  | 
-|  C0 – not a toy –  with camera  |  No  |  Yes  | +|{{ :en:drones:class_0.jpg?50 |}} |  C0 – not a toy –  with camera  |  No  |  Yes  | 
-|  C1  |  Yes  |  Yes  | +|{{ :en:drones:class_1.jpg?50 |}} |  C1  |  Yes  |  Yes  | 
-|  C2  |  Yes  |  Yes  | +|{{ :en:drones:class_2.jpg?50 |}} |  C2  |  Yes  |  Yes  | 
-|  C3  |  Yes  |  Yes  | +|{{ :en:drones:class_3.jpg?50 |}} |  C3  |  Yes  |  Yes  | 
-|  C4  |  Yes  |  Yes  |+|{{ :en:drones:class_4.jpg?50 |}} |  C4  |  Yes  |  Yes  |
 </table> </table>
  
 <color #00a2e8>**3.**</color> If it doesn’t have a class mark, follow the flying weight requirements table. <color #00a2e8>**3.**</color> If it doesn’t have a class mark, follow the flying weight requirements table.
 <table> <table>
-<caption>Class mark requirements</caption>+<caption>Drones Flying Weight requirements</caption>
 ^  **Flying weight**  ^  **Flyer Id**  ^  **Operator ID**  ^ ^  **Flying weight**  ^  **Flyer Id**  ^  **Operator ID**  ^
 |  below 250g - toy  |  No  |  No  | |  below 250g - toy  |  No  |  No  |
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       * electronic viewing equipment, such as a smart phone, tablet or video goggles,       * electronic viewing equipment, such as a smart phone, tablet or video goggles,
 Normal glasses and contact lenses are fine. Normal glasses and contact lenses are fine.
-{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_2.png?400 | Keep drone in direct sight}}+ 
 +<figure> 
 +{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_2.png?400 | Always keep drone in direct sight}} 
 +<caption>Always keep drone in direct sight</caption> 
 +</figure>
  
 ** Flying with the help of an observer ** ** Flying with the help of an observer **
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 Flying below the legal height limit of 120m (400ft) will reduce the risk of coming across other aircraft, which normally fly higher than this. Flying below the legal height limit of 120m (400ft) will reduce the risk of coming across other aircraft, which normally fly higher than this.
 //Always look and listen out for other aircraft that may be flying below 120m (400ft), such as air ambulances and police helicopters.// //Always look and listen out for other aircraft that may be flying below 120m (400ft), such as air ambulances and police helicopters.//
-{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_3.png?400 |Never fly more than 120m}}+ 
 +<figure> 
 +{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_3.png?400 |Never fly drone more than 120m}} 
 +<caption>Never fly drone more than 120m height</caption> 
 +</figure>
  
 ** Flying where there are hills, mountains, or cliffs ** ** Flying where there are hills, mountains, or cliffs **
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 You must keep a minimum horizontal distance of 50m between your drone or model aircraft and people. This creates a no-fly zone around people that goes all the way up to the legal height limit. It can help to think of this no-fly zone as a cylinder. You must keep a minimum horizontal distance of 50m between your drone or model aircraft and people. This creates a no-fly zone around people that goes all the way up to the legal height limit. It can help to think of this no-fly zone as a cylinder.
 You must not fly over people in this no-fly zone, even if you fly higher than 50m. You must not fly over people in this no-fly zone, even if you fly higher than 50m.
-{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_4.png?400 | Don't fly closer to people than 50m}}+ 
 +<figure> 
 +{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_4.png?400 | Don't fly drone closer to people than 50m}} 
 +<caption>Don't fly drone closer to people than 50m</caption> 
 +</figure>
  
 ** People involved in what you’re doing ** ** People involved in what you’re doing **
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   * If poor weather conditions mean that there could be a greater risk to people, fly further away from them. For example, if it’s very windy, you should fly further away from people.   * If poor weather conditions mean that there could be a greater risk to people, fly further away from them. For example, if it’s very windy, you should fly further away from people.
   * If you fly at high speeds, fly further away to give yourself more time to react.   * If you fly at high speeds, fly further away to give yourself more time to react.
 +
 +<figure>
 {{ :en:drones:drone_fight_5.png?400 |Keep the same distance to people when flying higher than 50m}} {{ :en:drones:drone_fight_5.png?400 |Keep the same distance to people when flying higher than 50m}}
 +<caption>Keep the same distance to people when flying higher than 50m</caption>
 +</figure>
  
 ** Never fly over people who are crowded together ** ** Never fly over people who are crowded together **
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   * at a crowded beach or park,   * at a crowded beach or park,
   * parties, carnivals and fêtes,   * parties, carnivals and fêtes,
-{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_6.png?400 | Never fly over people groups}}+ 
 +<figure> 
 +{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_6.png?400 | Never fly drone over people groups}} 
 +<caption>Never fly drone over people groups</caption> 
 +</figure>
  
 ** Keep at least 150m away from residential, recreational, commercial and industrial areas ** ** Keep at least 150m away from residential, recreational, commercial and industrial areas **
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 150m is the minimum distance. 150m is the minimum distance.
 Be prepared to increase the distance if you need to do that to fly safely. Be prepared to increase the distance if you need to do that to fly safely.
-{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_7.png?400 | Keep at least 150m away from residentials}}+ 
 +<figure> 
 +{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_7.png?400 | Keep drone at least 150m away from residentials}} 
 +<caption>Keep drone at least 150m away from residentials</caption> 
 +</figure>
  
 ** Small drones and model aircraft: below 250g, C0 or C1 class ** ** Small drones and model aircraft: below 250g, C0 or C1 class **
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 Never fly in this zone unless you have permission from the airport. The zone is in place to avoid any collisions with aircraft at or near the airport. Never fly in this zone unless you have permission from the airport. The zone is in place to avoid any collisions with aircraft at or near the airport.
 Some drone apps also give details of flight restriction zones. Some drone apps also give details of flight restriction zones.
-{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_8.png?400 |Never fly in an airport restriction zone}}+ 
 +<figure> 
 +{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_8.png?400 |Never fly drone in an airport restriction zone}} 
 +<caption>Never fly drone in an airport restriction zone</caption> 
 +</figure>
  
 ** Follow any flying restrictions and check for hazards ** ** Follow any flying restrictions and check for hazards **
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 ** Make sure any equipment is secure ** ** Make sure any equipment is secure **
  
-If you plan to carry any equipment on your drone or model aircraft, you must not go over the maximum take-off mass (MTOM). This is the maximum safe weight your drone or model aircraft can take-off and fly with. It includes fuel and any items or equipment attached to it.+If you plan to carry any equipment on your drone or model aircraft, you must not go over the maximum take-off mass (MTOM). This is the maximum safe weight your drone or model aircraft can take off and fly with. It includes fuel and any items or equipment attached to it.
 You can find the maximum take-off mass in your drone or model aircraft instructions. You can find the maximum take-off mass in your drone or model aircraft instructions.
 Do not fly if the weather could affect your flight. Do not fly if the weather could affect your flight.
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 Follow the manufacturer’s guidance on the safe temperatures to fly at. Follow the manufacturer’s guidance on the safe temperatures to fly at.
-Some types of battery do not hold their charge as long in cold weather and this may reduce the amount of time you can fly.+Some types of batteries do not hold their charge as long in cold weather and this may reduce the amount of time you can fly.
  
 ** Make sure you’re fit and safe to fly ** ** Make sure you’re fit and safe to fly **
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 ** Report any dangerous incidents, near misses or suspicious activity ** ** Report any dangerous incidents, near misses or suspicious activity **
  
-If you’re involved in a dangerous incident or near miss when you’re flying your drone or model aircraft, you must report the incident to the Civil Aviation Authority. +If you’re involved in a dangerous incident or near-miss when you’re flying your drone or model aircraft, you must report the incident to the Civil Aviation Authority. 
-An incident or near miss includes anything that did or could:+An incident or near-miss includes anything that did or could:
   * put people in danger,   * put people in danger,
   * cause damage to property, buildings, equipment or aircraft   * cause damage to property, buildings, equipment or aircraft
-The Civil Aviation Authority will use this information to monitor potential hazards and risks to help keep flying safe for everyone.+The Civil Aviation Authority will use this information to monitor potential hazards and risks to help keep flying safely for everyone.
  
-** Suspicious activity and mis-use **+** Suspicious activity and misuse **
  
-If you see anybody using a drone or model aircraft in a suspicious or dangerous way, call your local police on 101. If it’s at an airport, call airport security.+If you see anybody using a drone or model aircraft in a suspicious or dangerous way, call your local police on 101 (or 112, country depending). If it’s at an airport, call airport security.
  
 ** Retrieving your drone or model aircraft after a forced landing ** ** Retrieving your drone or model aircraft after a forced landing **
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 If you fly a drone or model aircraft that weighs less than 20kg for fun, recreation, sport, or as a hobby, you can choose whether or not to have insurance. If you fly a drone or model aircraft that weighs less than 20kg for fun, recreation, sport, or as a hobby, you can choose whether or not to have insurance.
-If you fly for any other reason, you must have third party liability insurance. For example, you must have insurance if you:+If you fly for any other reason, you must have third-party liability insurance. For example, you must have insurance if you:
   * get paid to take pictures or record video or carry out surveys,   * get paid to take pictures or record video or carry out surveys,
   * use your drone for work, such as on a farm, park or estate   * use your drone for work, such as on a farm, park or estate
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 Children and adults must pass the test – there is no age limit. Children and adults must pass the test – there is no age limit.
 For data protection reasons, children under 13 must be with a parent or guardian when they take the test and register. For data protection reasons, children under 13 must be with a parent or guardian when they take the test and register.
-{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_9.png?400 |Pass the CAA's theory test to get ID}}+ 
 +<figure> 
 +{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_9.png?400 |Pass the CAA's theory test to get an flyer ID}} 
 +<caption>Pass the CAA's theory test to get an flyer ID</caption> 
 +</figure>
  
 <note important>You must pass the theory test every five years</note> <note important>You must pass the theory test every five years</note>
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 You must be over 18 to register as an operator. If you’re under 18, you’ll need to ask a parent or guardian to register for an operator ID. You must be over 18 to register as an operator. If you’re under 18, you’ll need to ask a parent or guardian to register for an operator ID.
 +
 +<figure>
 {{ :en:drones:drone_fight_10.png?400 |Register to get an operator ID}} {{ :en:drones:drone_fight_10.png?400 |Register to get an operator ID}}
 +<caption>Register to get an operator ID</caption>
 +</figure>
  
 ** Label all your drones or model aircraft with your operator ID ** ** Label all your drones or model aircraft with your operator ID **
  
 You must label every drone or model aircraft you’re responsible for. You can use the same operator ID for every aircraft. You must label every drone or model aircraft you’re responsible for. You can use the same operator ID for every aircraft.
-{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_11.png?400 |Operator ID label}}+ 
 +<figure> 
 +{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_11.png?400 |Label the Operator ID on the drone}} 
 +<caption>Label the Operator ID on the drone</caption> 
 +</figure>
  
 ** Always make sure that anyone flying your drone or model aircraft has a valid flyer ID ** ** Always make sure that anyone flying your drone or model aircraft has a valid flyer ID **
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 You must never fly more than 15m above the structure. You must never fly more than 15m above the structure.
 Your drone or model aircraft must be within 50m of the structure horizontally when flying over 120m (400ft). Your drone or model aircraft must be within 50m of the structure horizontally when flying over 120m (400ft).
-{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_12.png?400 |Fly up to 15m over the building}}+ 
 +<figure> 
 +{{ :en:drones:drone_fight_12.png?400 |Fly drone up to 15m over the infrastructure construction}} 
 +<caption>Fly drone up to 15m over the infrastructure construction</caption> 
 +</figure>
  
 ==== Drones and model aircraft in the law (GB samples) ==== ==== Drones and model aircraft in the law (GB samples) ====
en/drones/legalrequirements.1615559347.txt.gz · Last modified: 2021/03/12 10:00 (external edit)
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