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| | UAV cameraman | In professional cinematography it is common that UAVO and cameraman are two persons. In this case, UAVO is relieved from movie recording and photo-taking, but the cameraman is limited with drone physics and obviously, also uses the remote, distant camera. For those reasons, the cameraman should be in close contact with UAVO and requires extra skills including specific drone limitations like limited flight time, the limited payload for a camera, delays in controlling the camera because of using an aerial connection to it, limited range of the transmission and so on. | | | UAV cameraman | In professional cinematography it is common that UAVO and cameraman are two persons. In this case, UAVO is relieved from movie recording and photo-taking, but the cameraman is limited with drone physics and obviously, also uses the remote, distant camera. For those reasons, the cameraman should be in close contact with UAVO and requires extra skills including specific drone limitations like limited flight time, the limited payload for a camera, delays in controlling the camera because of using an aerial connection to it, limited range of the transmission and so on. | |
| | Video postprocessing specialist | A person that processes aerial photography and video materials. Nowadays, drone cameras offer decent stabilization, but aerial photography and video filming are slightly different than regular movie recording, mostly because of potential instability (shaking), higher video compression, wider scene dynamics. | | | Video postprocessing specialist | A person that processes aerial photography and video materials. Nowadays, drone cameras offer decent stabilization, but aerial photography and video filming are slightly different than regular movie recording, mostly because of potential instability (shaking), higher video compression, wider scene dynamics. | |
| | Volume object 3D scanner and processor | Drones are used to grab photos to obtain later a large-scale 3D models (i.e. old buildings). A set of photographer skills are essential, good scene planning and precision flight planning, and controlling skills are a must as it is common that drones must be able to reach all details and photograph them from various angles. In this job, UAVO is usually the same person that operates a drone camera. | | | Volume object 3D scanner and processor | Drones are used to grab photos to obtain later large-scale 3D models (i.e. old buildings). A set of photographer skills are essential, good scene planning and precision flight planning, and controlling skills are a must as it is common that drones must be able to reach all details and photograph them from various angles. In this job, UAVO is usually the same person that operates a drone camera. | |
| | Infrastructure inspector (power lines, pipes, etc.) | Power line inspections usually require BVLOS skills and certification. Draft inspection can be done with a high level of autonomy, so the ability to use flight planners and understanding the environmental condition, reading maps, and plans is essential. Precise monitoring (i.e. close inspection of the power cable bindings) is done with manually controlled flight to make a close approach, so the ability to make precision maneuvers and 3D orientation is important. At least an elementary understanding of the weather processes is essential. | | | Infrastructure inspector (power lines, pipes, etc.) | Power line inspections usually require BVLOS skills and certification. Draft inspection can be done with a high level of autonomy, so the ability to use flight planners and understanding the environmental condition, reading maps and plans is essential. Precise monitoring (i.e. close inspection of the power cable bindings) is done with manually controlled flight to make a close approach, so the ability to make precision maneuvers and 3D orientation are important. At least an elementary understanding of the weather processes is essential. | |
| | Drone educator | Drone education is very comprehensive and interdisciplinary: on the one hand, it requires at least elementary UAVO skills and knowledge on drone ecosystem components, on the other, good tutoring skills to create valuable and intriguing courses. As UAV education is very practical, teachers should hold practice in UAV operation, UAV construction, not just theoretical background. It also requires a good understanding of physics and the weather environment. Obviously, that may be limited in case the course covers only specific scope. | | | Drone educator | Drone education is very comprehensive and interdisciplinary: on the one hand, it requires at least elementary UAVO skills and knowledge on drone ecosystem components, on the other, good tutoring skills to create valuable and intriguing courses. As UAV education is very practical, teachers should hold practice in UAV operation, UAV construction, not just theoretical background. It also requires a good understanding of physics and the weather environment. Obviously, that may be limited in case the course covers only specific scope. | |
| | Drone serviceman | Working in drone service requires a set of manual skills on both mechanics, mechatronics, electronics, and IT. There are two types of positions: those related to the specific manufacturer and those universal, based on open components. The other is rather a niche as many people building drones themselves are also willing and able to service them. Still, manufacturer services are rather popular among amateur users, buying RTF (Ready To Flight) products. Manufacturer-specific services and jobs are somehow easier as components are delivered by the corporation while working in an open, cross-platform drone service requires flexibility on replacing and substituting components and also following the latest trends in the market as well as knowing and following current delivery chains for components. | | | Drone serviceman | Working in drone service requires a set of manual skills in mechanics, mechatronics, electronics, and IT. There are two types of positions: those related to the specific manufacturer and those universal, based on open components. The other is rather a niche as many people building drones themselves are also willing and able to service them. Still, manufacturer services are rather popular among amateur users, buying RTF (Ready To Flight) products. Manufacturer-specific services and jobs are somehow easier as components are delivered by the corporation while working in an open, cross-platform drone service requires flexibility on replacing and substituting components and also following the latest trends in the market as well as knowing and following current delivery chains for components. | |
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| ^ Application name ^ Short characteristics ^ Drone ecosystem hints on hardware ^ | ^ Application name ^ Short characteristics ^ Drone ecosystem hints on hardware ^ |
| | Drones in Education | Drones for education cover various levels, from elementary where young pupils learn how to control UAVs to higher education where students and researchers use drones for experimentation and development. For this reason, depending on the level of education, drones with API may be required. For the basic level, indoor, safe-to-fly drones are the best option while for little more advanced students, drones that can be controlled in the team mode (instructor can take over) is a good option. | Depending on the course level and purpose, education may require indoor and outdoor drones. For safety reasons, rather slow and not so powerful ones are suggested. Indoor flying can start with cheap brushed-motor equipped drones, i.e. DJI Tello. For more advanced flying, DJI Mavic and Phantom are good options. Higher education usually involves custom constructions based on Pixhawk/Ardupilot capable FCs to fully enable the power of autonomous flight, programming, and integrating various components. | | | Drones in Education | Drones for education cover various levels, from elementary where young pupils learn how to control UAVs to higher education where students and researchers use drones for experimentation and development. For this reason, depending on the level of education, drones with API may be required. For the basic level, indoor, safe-to-fly drones are the best option while for little more advanced students, drones that can be controlled in the team mode (instructor can take over) is a good option. | Depending on the course level and purpose, education may require indoor and outdoor drones. For safety reasons, rather slow and not so powerful ones are suggested. Indoor flying can start with cheap brushed-motor equipped drones, i.e. DJI Tello. For more advanced flying, DJI Mavic and Phantom are good options. Higher education usually involves custom constructions based on Pixhawk/Ardupilot capable FCs to fully enable the power of autonomous flight, programming, and integrating various components. | |
| | Drones in Film-making | This class of applications cover both occasionally film making, i.e. during wedding and events as well as professional cinematography. Different skills are required, but in any case, a reliable drones and rather some >250g (usually much more) are needed to present stable flights. Drones with shared functionalities among two team members are required for professional cinematography, particularly during the recording of the dynamic scenes, where the UAVO function is separated from the cameraman, so it requires systems able to bind two controllers. Because of the drone weight and recording places, it is necessary to present certification and flight skills. Filmmaking requires good operator skills, 3D imagination, some art-soul, and a set of spare batteries to replace, as recording may need re-taking of the scene and there are usually many unforeseen obstacles that extend required operation time. | For occasional recording, any drone with at least a full HD camera (usually at least 2.5k), i.e. DJI Mavic is enough. Note, many of those entry-level drones, even if providing great filming capabilities are limited with stabilization and recording direction, as cameras are front-mounted, thus to make a pan filming, you need to rotate drone (yaw) that usually causes shaking and unstable recording due to the changing wind direction. For professional operations, heavy drones (usually far over 5kg MTOM) are common, and drones with good positioning capabilities (GNSS is usually enough, no RTK needed), decent gimbals, and a set of extra devices, i.e. servos and motors to control professional camera optics are required. An important feature is the ability to wrap/hide/fold the drone's landing gear, to let the camera freely rotate under the drone (opposite, i.e. to the popular DJI Phantom, where landing gear is in FOV of the camera. Professional cinematography drones may cost a fortune. Entry-level drones start from DJI Inspire (some 6k EUR), DJI Matrice series 7-8k EUR) up to Freefly and xFold solutions, hitting with ease over 40k EUR for a platform. | | | Drones in Film-making | This class of applications cover both occasionally film making, i.e. during wedding and events as well as professional cinematography. Different skills are required, but in any case, reliable drones and rather some >250g (usually much more) are needed to present stable flights. Drones with shared functionalities among two team members are required for professional cinematography, particularly during the recording of the dynamic scenes, where the UAVO function is separated from the cameraman, so it requires systems able to bind two controllers. Because of the drone weight and recording places, it is necessary to present certification and flight skills. Filmmaking requires good operator skills, 3D imagination, some art-soul, and a set of spare batteries to replace, as recording may need re-taking of the scene and there are usually many unforeseen obstacles that extend required operation time. | For occasional recording, any drone with at least a full HD camera (usually at least 2.5k), i.e. DJI Mavic is enough. Note, many of those entry-level drones, even if providing great filming capabilities are limited with stabilization and recording direction, as cameras are front-mounted, thus to make a pan filming, you need to rotate drone (yaw) that usually causes shaking and unstable recording due to the changing wind direction. For professional operations, heavy drones (usually far over 5kg MTOM) are common, and drones with good positioning capabilities (GNSS is usually enough, no RTK needed), decent gimbals, and a set of extra devices, i.e. servos and motors to control professional camera optics are required. An important feature is the ability to wrap/hide/fold the drone's landing gear, to let the camera freely rotate under the drone (opposite, i.e. to the popular DJI Phantom, where landing gear is in FOV of the camera. Professional cinematography drones may cost a fortune. Entry-level drones start from DJI Inspire (some 6k EUR), DJI Matrice series 7-8k EUR) up to Freefly and xFold solutions, hitting with ease over 40k EUR for a platform. | |
| | Drones in Real Estate | Thanks to the drones, real estate benefits from easy aerial photo-taking, inventory, and even 3D model making. Drones brought a new perspective that was never possible before. Recently, small drones are used to record in-door videos from the perspective of the visitor, to present videos to the buyer. The real estate market often uses UAVO freelancers for it. This application has demand for good and high-resolution photos, and usually, max altitude is limited, so drones with wide lens cameras are needed. Also, post-processing (commercial, open-source) software and PC hardware to handle it is needed, i.e. video processing software like Final Cut, Davinci Resolve, Adobe Premiere, and photo editing software like Photoshop, Corel, Gimp, Darktable is needed. Drones able to shot and save raw photos are advance here, as photo and video quality are essential. Operations are usually manual (with a low level of autonomy), so there is no demand for advanced ground stations. Long flight times are not necessary, and it is usually the ability to plan flight operations. A niche requiring autonomous and ling time flights are i.e. dude ranches inventory where areas can cover up to dozen of a hectare. In such a case, there is a demand for autonomous flight capabilities and also long flight time, so it is considered to use fixed-wing FPV drones here. | Any entry-level drones of semi-professional class fits here and operations are mostly manual, so there is usually no need for additional components, i.e. ground stations other than RC suitable for operations. Sample drones that fit here are Yuneec Typhoon, DJI Mavic, DJI Phantom, Autel EVO. For the in-door flight, a drone with optical position stabilization is needed, but compact in size. A good choice here is the DJI Mavic Mini. In the case of the aforementioned niche solutions, fixed-wing drones are a good solution, i.e. Yuneec Firebird, Parrot Disco, and so on. | | | Drones in Real Estate | Thanks to the drones, real estate benefits from easy aerial photo-taking, inventory, and even 3D model making. Drones brought a new perspective that was never possible before. Recently, small drones are used to record in-door videos from the perspective of the visitor, to present videos to the buyer. The real estate market often uses UAVO freelancers for it. This application has demand for good and high-resolution photos, and usually, max altitude is limited, so drones with wide lens cameras are needed. Also, post-processing (commercial, open-source) software and PC hardware to handle it is needed, i.e. video processing software like Final Cut, Davinci Resolve, Adobe Premiere, and photo editing software like Photoshop, Corel, Gimp, Darktable is needed. Drones able to shot and save raw photos are advance here, as photo and video quality are essential. Operations are usually manual (with a low level of autonomy), so there is no demand for advanced ground stations. Long flight times are not necessary, and it is usually the ability to plan flight operations. A niche requiring autonomous and ling time flights are i.e. dude ranches inventory where areas can cover up to dozen of a hectare. In such a case, there is a demand for autonomous flight capabilities and also long flight time, so it is considered to use fixed-wing FPV drones here. | Any entry-level drones of semi-professional class fits here and operations are mostly manual, so there is usually no need for additional components, i.e. ground stations other than RC suitable for operations. Sample drones that fit here are Yuneec Typhoon, DJI Mavic, DJI Phantom, Autel EVO. For the in-door flight, a drone with optical position stabilization is needed, but compact in size. A good choice here is the DJI Mavic Mini. In the case of the aforementioned niche solutions, fixed-wing drones are a good solution, i.e. Yuneec Firebird, Parrot Disco, and so on. | |
| | Drones in Construction and Industry | Applications vary from the industry characteristics, but the most common is to use drones for surveying. The majority of operations require precision positioning; thus, RTK (Real-Time-Kinematics) enabled drones are essential. Also, infrared cameras are frequently required, but high-quality photos and videos are usually not necessary. Monitoring of the highway construction requires flight on a long-distance and drones able to operate autonomously and those with long flight times are preferred. Often an orthomosaic and 3D mapping software is necessary for data post-processing. Some industry applications include special sensors to be mounted on the drone to check, i.e. air quality, gases, and so on, or to send drones to the areas that are dangerous to the human, i.e. Fukushima / Chernobyl nuclear power plants. | Variety of drones fits this application, but it is common to see Yuneec H520 and DJI Matrice drones, as they are RTK enabled. The price for those drones usually is around 5k EUR or more, and IR cameras even pump up the price. For the highway inspection, it is considered to use fixed-wing ones, i.e. senseFly eBee, because of the extended flight time, easily getting up to 50min. | | | Drones in Construction and Industry | Applications vary from the industry characteristics, but the most common is to use drones for surveying. The majority of operations require precision positioning; thus, RTK (Real-Time-Kinematics) enabled drones are essential. Also, infrared cameras are frequently required, but high-quality photos and videos are usually not necessary. Monitoring of the highway construction requires flight on a long-distance and drones able to operate autonomously and those with long flight times are preferred. Often an orthomosaic and 3D mapping software is necessary for data post-processing. Some industry applications include special sensors to be mounted on the drone to check, i.e. air quality, gases, and so on, or to send drones to the areas that are dangerous to the human, i.e. Fukushima / Chernobyl nuclear power plants. | Variety of drones fits this application, but it is common to see Yuneec H520 and DJI Matrice drones, as they are RTK enabled. The price for those drones usually is around 5k EUR or more, and IR cameras even pump up the price. For the highway inspection, it is considered to use fixed-wing ones, i.e. senseFly eBee, because of the extended flight time, easily getting up to 50min. | |
