Hello !

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- en:arduino:examples [2017/07/25 05:08] – kaupo.raid
+++ en:arduino:examples [2020/07/20 09:00] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-TTU Summer School programming
+========= TTU Summer School programming =========
-====== Projekt 1 LED-i juhtimine nupuga  ======
+====== Project 1 Controlling LED with button  ======
 {{:et:arduino:buttons:projekt1.jpg?350|Arduino ühendusskeem}}
-===== Näide #1.1 Nuppu all hoides LED põleb =====
+===== Example #1.1 LED light up when button is pressed =====
-[[https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/DigitalPins|]].
+Theory: [[https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/DigitalPins|]].
 <code c>
 /*
-Nimetus: Näide #1.1
+Example #1.1
-Kirjeldus: Nuppu all hoides LED põleb
 */
-/* Konstandid */
+/* Constants */
-// Viik kuhu on ühendatud nupp
+// Set button pin
-const int nupp = A0;
+const int button = A0;
-// Viik kuhu on ühendatud LED
+// Set LED pin
 const int led = 13;
-/* Globaalsed muutujad */
+/* Global variables */
-// Nupu muutuja oleku salvestamine ja selle algväärtustamine
+// Holds the current state of button
-int nupuOlek = 0;
+int buttonState = 0;
 void setup()
 {
-  // LED viigu väljundi seadistamine
+  // Set LED pin to output
   pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
-  // Nupu viigu sisendi seadistamine ja sisemise "pull-up" takisti aktiveermine
+  // Set button pin to input with internal pull-up activated
-  pinMode(nupp, INPUT_PULLUP);
+  pinMode(button, INPUT_PULLUP);
 }
 void loop()
 {
-  // Nupu muutuja hetkeväärtuse salvestamine
+  // Get the curren state of button pin
-  nupuOlek = digitalRead(nupp);
+  buttonState = digitalRead(button);
-  // Kui nupp on alla vajutatud, siis seadistame LED viigu kõrgeks ehk LED süttib
+  // If button is pressed then turn on LED
-  if (nupuOlek == LOW)
+  if (buttonState == LOW)
   {
     digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
   }
-  // Muul juhul seadistame LED viigu madalaks ehk LED ei põle
+  // All other cases turn LED off
   else
-  { digitalWrite(led, LOW);
+  {
+   digitalWrite(led, LOW);
   }
 }
 </code>
-===== Näide #1.2 Nupule vajutades LED süttib 1 sekundiks =====
+===== Example #1.2 Short push on the button makes LED light up for 1 second =====
 <code c>
 /*
-Nimetus: Näide #1.2
+Example #1.2
-Kirjeldus: Nupule vajutades süttib LED 1 sekundiks
 */
-// Algus identne näitega #1.1 (kommenteeritud koodi vaata sealt)
+// Setup is same with example #1.1
-const int nupp = A0;
+const int button = A0;
 const int led = 13;
-int nupuOlek = 0;
+int buttonState = 0;
 void setup()
 {
   pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
-  pinMode(nupp, INPUT_PULLUP);
+  pinMode(button, INPUT_PULLUP);
 }
 void loop()
 {
-  // Nupu muutuja hetkeväärtuse salvestamine
+  //  Get the curren state of button pin
-  nupuOlek = digitalRead(nupp);
+  buttonState = digitalRead(button);
-  /* Kui nupp on alla vajutatud, siis seadistame LED viigu kõrgeks ehk LED süttib,
+  // When button is pressed then set LED on and halt program for 1 second
-     programm seisab 1 sekund ja pärast seda seatakse viik tagasi madalaks */
+  if (buttonState == LOW)
-  if (nupuOlek == LOW)
   {
     digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
     delay(1000); // 1000 millisekundit ehk 1 sekund
   }
+  // Turn LED off
   digitalWrite(led, LOW);
 }
 </code>
-===== Näide #1.3 Nupule vajutades muudab LED oma olekut =====
+===== Example #1.3 Short push on the button changes LED state =====
 <code c>
 /*
-  Nimetus: Näide #1.3
+Example #1.3
-  Kirjeldus: Nupule vajutades muudab LED oma olekut püsivalt
 */
-// Algus identne näitega #1.1 (kommenteeritud koodi vaata sealt)
+// Setup is same with example #1.1
-const int nupp = A0;
+const int button = A0;
 const int led = 13;
-int nupuOlek = 0;
+int buttonState = 0;
 void setup()
 {
   pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
-  pinMode(nupp, INPUT_PULLUP);
+  pinMode(button, INPUT_PULLUP);
 }
 void loop()
 {
-  // Programm ei tee midagi kuni vajutatakse nuppu
+  // When button is pressed and hold the program stays inside while(1) loop
-  if (digitalRead(nupp) == LOW)
+  if (digitalRead(button) == LOW)
     {
-   // Lüliti kontaktide värelemise (debounce) efekti mõju vähendamiseks väike viide
+   // Debounce effect eliminator delay
     delay(50);
-    while (digitalRead(nupp) == LOW)
+    while (digitalRead(button) == LOW)
-     { //Tsükkel hoiab programmi kinni kuni nupu viigu olek muutub kõrgeks
+     {
      }
-    /* LED viigu olek inverteeritakse ehk seatakse
+	// Invert LED current state
-       vastupidiseks kasutades hetkeväärtust */
     digitalWrite(led, !digitalRead(led));
-   // Lüliti kontaktide värelemise (debounce) efekti mõju vähendamiseks väike viide
+   // Debounce effect eliminator delay
     delay(50);
     }
@@ Line 128: / Line 125: @@
-===== Harjutused =====
+===== Exercises =====
-=== Harjutus #1.1 ===
+=== Exercise #1.1 ===
-Modifitseerida näiteprogrammi nii, et nupule vajutades vilgub LED kolm korda.
+Modify example so that on button press LED blinks 3 times.
-=== Harjutus #1.2 ===
+=== Exercise #1.2 ===
-Modifitseerida näiteprogrammi nii, et nupule vajutades hakkab LED konstantselt vilkuma 1 sekundilise intervalliga ja teine nupule vajutus lõpetab vilkumise.
+Modify example so that on button press LED starts to blink with constant interval. Second press ends the blinking.
-=== Harjutus #1.3 ===
-Modifitseerida näiteprogrammi nii, et nupule vajutades LED vilgub nii mitu korda, kui on nuppu programmi töötamise jooksul kokku vajutatud. Pärast igat vajutust suureneb vilkumiste arv ühe võrra.
+====== Project 2 Controlling LED with potentiometer   ======
+{{:et:arduino:buttons:projekt2.jpg?400|}}
+===== Example #2.1 Potentiometer controls state of LED =====
+<code c>
+/*
+Example #2.1
+*/
+// Set potentiometer pin
+const int pot = A1;
+// Set LED pin
+const int led = 13;
+// Holds potentiometer digital value
+int potState = 0;
+void setup()
+{
+  // Set LED pin to output
+  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
+}
+void loop()
+{
+  // Get digital value of potentiometer
+  potState = digitalRead(pot);
+  // When potentiometer digital value is logical "true" then turn on LED
+  if(potState > 0)
+  {
+    digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
+  }
+  // All other cases set LED off
+  else
+  {
+    digitalWrite(led, LOW);
+  }
+}
+</code>
+===== Example #2.2 Controlling LED blinking frequency with potentiometer =====
+<code c>
+/*
+Example #2.2
+*/
+// Setup is same with example #2.1
+const int pot = A1;
+const int led = 13;
+int potState = 0;
+void setup()
+{
+  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
+}
+void loop()
+{
+  // Get analog value of potentiometer
+  potState = analogRead(pot);
+  // Turn LED on
+  digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
+  // Halt the program for potentiometer analog value number of milliseconds
+  delay(potState);
+  // Turn LED off
+  digitalWrite(led, LOW);
+  // Halt the program for potentiometer analog value number of milliseconds
+  delay(potState);
+}
+</code>
+===== Example #2.3 Controlling LED brightness with potentiometer =====
+<code c>
+/*
+Example #2.3
+*/
+// Setup is same with example #2.1
+const int pot = A1;
+const int led = 13;
+int potState = 0;
+void setup()
+{
+  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
+}
+void loop()
+{
+  // Get analog value of potentiometer
+  potState = analogRead(pot);
+  // When potentiometer value is greater than 0 then set LED on halt program for short period
+  if (potState > 0)
+  {
+    digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
+    delayMicroseconds(potState);
+  }
+  // Turn LED off
+  digitalWrite(led, LOW);
+  // Halt program for short period
+  delayMicroseconds(1023 - potState);
+}
+</code>
+===== Exercises =====
+=== Exercise #2.2 ===
+Control LED on and off time with potentiometer.
+====== Project 3 Alphabetical LCD  ======
+===== Example #3.1 Writing on LCD screen =====
+Theory: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/LiquidCrystal
+<code c>
+/*
+Example #3.1
+*/
+// Include LCD library
+#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
+// Create LCD object and set hardware connection pins
+LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 4, 5, 6, 7);
+void setup()
+{
+  // Define LCD size
+  lcd.begin(16, 2);
+  // Print out welcome message
+  lcd.print("Hello World!");
+}
+void loop()
+{
+  // Change cursor position to second line
+  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
+  // Print out program working time in seconds
+  lcd.print(millis()/1000);
+}
+</code>
+===== Example #3.2 Custom characters on LCD =====
+<code c>
+/*
+Example #3.2
+*/
+#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
+LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 4, 5, 6, 7);
+  // Array to generate new character,
+  // "0b" in front of the number tells the compiler that it's a binary number
+byte customChar[8] =
+{
+b11111,
+b00000,
+b01010,
+b00000,
+b10001,
+b01110,
+b00000,
+b11111
+};
+void setup()
+{
+  // Load new character to LCD memory position "0"
+  lcd.createChar(0, customChar);
+  // Define LCD size
+  lcd.begin(16, 2);
+  // Display new custom character on LCD
+  lcd.write((uint8_t)0);
+}
+void loop()
+{
+  // Do nothing
+}
+</code>
+===== Example #3.3 Reading LCD shield buttons =====
+<code c>
+/*
+Nimetus: Example #3.3
+Kirjeldus: Reading LCD shield buttons
+*/
+#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
+LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 4, 5, 6, 7);
+// Define button states constants
+const int RIGHT = 0;
+const int UP    = 1;
+const int DOWN  = 2;
+const int LEFT  = 3;
+const int SELECT = 4;
+const int NONE  = 5;
+/* Global variables */
+// Holds the value of pressed button
+int pressedButton;
+// Holds the value of analog input
+int buttonValue;
+void setup()
+{
+  // Define LCD size
+  lcd.begin(16, 2);
+  // Print explaining text
+  lcd.print("ADC: ");
+  // Print out analog input value
+  lcd.print(analogRead(A0));
+}
+void loop()
+{
+  // Calls out fucntion and saves returned value to variable
+  pressedButton = checkButtons();
+  // Check if there is a pressed button
+  if(pressedButton < NONE)
+  {
+    lcd.clear(); // Clear LCD
+    lcd.print("ADC: "); // Print out explaining text
+    lcd.print(buttonValue); // Print out analog input value
+    delay(500); // Halts program for 500ms to get stable text on LCD
+  }
+}
+// Function read analog input value and compares it with values of button states
+// Tagastab arvu vahemikus 0 kuni 5 vastavalt defineeritud konstandile
+int checkButtons()
+{
+ // Get analog input value
+ buttonValue = analogRead(A0);
+ if (buttonValue < 50)   return RIGHT;
+ if (buttonValue < 195)  return UP;
+ if (buttonValue < 380)  return DOWN;
+ if (buttonValue < 555)  return LEFT;
+ if (buttonValue < 790)  return SELECT;
+ // If no button state matches then return NONE
+ return NONE;
+}
+</code>
+===== Exercises =====
+=== Exercise #3.1 ===
+Modify example so that text is center aligned.
+=== Exercise #3.2 ===
+Make a small animation with custom characters.
+Custom character code generator [[https://omerk.github.io/lcdchargen/|]]
+====== Project 4 Reading sensors and displaying results on LCD   ======
+{{:et:arduino:sensorss:projekt4.jpg?800|}}
+===== Example #4.2 Distance and proximity sensors reading =====
+Libraries: [[https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/libraries#toc4|]]
+<code c>
+/*
+Example #4.2
+*/
+// Include libraries
+#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
+#include <NewPing.h>
+// Set pins for sensors
+const int US_TRIGGER = A2;
+const int US_ECHO = A3;
+const int IR = A4;
+/* Global variables and constants */
+const int maxDistance = 200;
+int distance, proximity;
+// Create LCD object and define connection pins
+LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 4, 5, 6, 7);
+// Create ultrasonic object and define connection pins
+NewPing sonar(US_TRIGGER, US_ECHO,maxDistance);
+void setup()
+{
+  //Define LCD size
+  lcd.begin(16, 2);
+  // Print out explaining text
+  lcd.print("Dist:");
+  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
+  lcd.print("Object:");
+}
+void loop()
+{
+  // Get distance in centimeters
+  distance = sonar.ping_cm();
+  // Get proximity of object
+  proximity = digitalRead(IR);
+  // Set cursor to first line 10th character
+  lcd.setCursor(9, 0);
+  // EPrint out distance
+  lcd.print(distance);
+// Overwrite previous value numbers with spaces
+  lcd.print("   ");
+  // Set cursor on second line 10th character
+  lcd.setCursor(9, 1);
+  // when infrared sensor does not see anything print out "no", otherwise print out "yes".
+  if(proximity == 1) lcd.print("no ");
+  else lcd.print("yes");
+  // Halt program to get stable view of LCD
+  delay(500);
+}
+</code>
+===== Exercises =====
+=== Exercise #4.1 ===
+Find out which sensor sample time is faster.
+====== Project 5 DC motor drive and speed control ======
+{{:et:arduino:motors:projekt5.jpg?700|}}
+===== Example #5.1 DC motor ad H-bridge =====
+<code c>
+/*
+Example #5.1
+*/
+// Set pins for driver inputs
+const int left_A = 10; // driver pin A-1A
+const int left_B = 12; // driver pin A-1B
+const int right_A = 11; // driver pin B-1A
+const int right_B = 13; // driver pin B-2A
+void setup()
+{
+  // Set driver control pins as output
+  pinMode(left_A,OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(left_B,OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(right_A,OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(right_B,OUTPUT);
+  motors(0,0); // stop motors
+  delay(2000); // halt program for safety purposes 2 seconds
+}
+void loop()
+{
+  motors(1,1); // robot goes forward
+  delay(2000); // halt program for 2 seconds
+  motors(-1,1); // robot turns left
+  delay(500);  // halt program for 500 milliseconds
+}
+// This function controls the driver input pins to get correct motion
+void motors(int left, int right)
+{
+  // Left Motor
+  if(left == 1)
+  { // Left motor CW
+    digitalWrite(left_A,HIGH);
+    digitalWrite(left_B,LOW);
+  }
+  else if(left == -1)
+  { // Left motor CCW
+    digitalWrite(left_A,LOW);
+    digitalWrite(left_B,HIGH);
+  }
+  else
+  { // Left motor STOP
+    digitalWrite(left_A,LOW);
+    digitalWrite(left_B,LOW);
+  }
+  // Right motor
+  if(right == 1)
+  { // Right motor CW
+    digitalWrite(right_A,HIGH);
+    digitalWrite(right_B,LOW);
+  }
+  else if(right == -1)
+  { // Right motor CCW
+    digitalWrite(right_A,LOW);
+    digitalWrite(right_B,HIGH);
+  }
+  else
+  { // Right motor STOP
+    digitalWrite(right_A,LOW);
+    digitalWrite(right_B,LOW);
+  }
+}
+</code>
+===== Example #5.2 DC motor speed controlling =====
+<code c>
+/* Nimetus:
+Example #5.2
+*/
+// Set pins for driver inputs
+const int left_A = 10; // driver pin A-1A
+const int left_B = 12; // driver pin A-1B
+const int right_A = 11; // driver pin B-1A
+const int right_B = 13; // driver pin B-2B
+void setup()
+{
+  // Set driver control pins as output
+  pinMode(left_A,OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(left_B,OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(right_A,OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(right_B,OUTPUT);
+  motors(0,0); // Stop motors
+  delay(2000); // Delay for safety purposes
+}
+void loop()
+ {
+  motors(100,100); // go fwd
+  delay(2000);
+  motors(100,255); // turn left
+  delay(2000);
+  motors(-255,-255); // go back
+  delay(2000);
+  motors(-255,-100); // go backward while turning right
+  delay(2000);
+  motors(150,-150); // turn on spot
+  delay(2000);
+}
+// This function sets the motors speed and directions
+void motors(int left, int right)
+ {
+  // Left motor
+  if(left > 0 && left <= 255)
+  { // Left motor CW
+    analogWrite(left_A,left);
+    digitalWrite(left_B,LOW);
+  }
+  else if(left < 0 && left >= -255)
+  { // Left motor CCW
+    analogWrite(left_A, 255+left);
+    digitalWrite(left_B,HIGH);
+  }
+  else
+  { // Left motor STOP
+    digitalWrite(left_A,LOW);
+    digitalWrite(left_B,LOW);
+  }
+  // Right motor
+  if(right > 0 && right <= 255)
+  { // Right motor CW
+    analogWrite(right_A,right);
+    digitalWrite(right_B,LOW);
+  }
+  else if(right < 0 && right >= -255)
+  { // Right motor CCW
+    analogWrite(right_A,255+right);
+    digitalWrite(right_B,HIGH);
+  }
+  else
+  { // Right motor STOP
+    digitalWrite(right_A,LOW);
+    digitalWrite(right_B,LOW);
+  }
+}
+</code>
+===== Exercises =====
+==== Exercise #5.1 ====
+Modify exampe so that robot drives number eight shape.
+==== Harjutus #5.2 ====
+Make robot parallel park itself.

en/arduino/examples.1500959317.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/07/20 09:00 (external edit)