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--- en:iot-open:practical:hardware:itt:avr:stepper [2025/09/02 11:12] – raivo.sell
+++ en:iot-open:practical:hardware:itt:avr:stepper [2025/09/02 11:30] (current) – raivo.sell
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 ====== Stepper motor ======
 ===== Theory =====
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 [{{  :examples:motor:stepper:stepper.jpg?200|Stepper-motor}}]
-Stepper motors are widely used in applications that demand accuracy. Unlike DC motors, stepper motors do not have brushes or a commutator – they have several independent coils, which are commutated with exterior electronics (drivers). Rotating the rotor is done by commutating coils step by step, without feedback. This is one of the faults in stepper motors – in case of mechanical overloading, when the rotor is not rotating, the steps will be mixed up and movement becomes inaccurate. Two types of stepper motors are distinguished by coils: unipolar and bipolar stepper motors. By construction, three additional segments are considered:
+Stepper motors are widely used in applications that demand accuracy. Unlike DC motors, stepper motors do not have brushes or a commutator – they have several independent coils, which are commutated with exterior electronics (drivers). Rotating the rotor is done by commutating coils step by step, without feedback. This is one of the faults in stepper motors – in case of mechanical overloading, when the rotor is not rotating, the steps will be mixed up and movement becomes inaccurate. Two types of stepper motors are distinguished by coils: unipolar and bipolar stepper motors. Variable reluctance stepper motors have toothed windings and a toothed iron rotor. The largest pulling force is when the teeth of both sides are covering each other. In a Permanent magnet stepper motor, just like the name hints, there are permanent magnets that orient according to the polarity of the windings. In hybrid synchronous steppers, both technologies are used.
-  * Variable Reluctance Stepper (high accuracy, low torque, low price)
-  * Permanent Magnet Stepper (low accuracy, high torque, low price)
-  * Hybrid Synchronous Stepper (high accuracy, high torque, high price)
-Variable reluctance stepper motors have toothed windings and a toothed iron rotor. The largest pulling force is when the teeth of both sides are covering each other. In a Permanent magnet stepper motor, just like the name hints, there are permanent magnets that orient according to the polarity of the windings. In hybrid synchronous steppers, both technologies are used.
 Depending on the model of stepper motor, performing one full rotation (360 degrees) of the rotor demands hundreds of steps of commutations. For stable and smooth movement, appropriate control electronics are used, which control the motor according to its parameters (inertia of the rotor, torque, resonance, etc.). In addition to control electronics, different commutating methods may be applied. Commutating one winding in a row is called Full Step Drive, and if the drive is alternated between one and two windings, it is called Half Stepping. Cosine micro-stepping is also used, allowing especially accurate and smooth control.
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+==== Task to be implemented ====
+  - Drive the stepper as a clock’s second hand: rotate 6° (one step chunk) every second to complete one full revolution per minute.
+  - Simulate an analog thermometer: map the measured temperature linearly to a fixed arc and position the stepper ‘needle’ accordingly (use previous scenarios and instructions for temperature sensor).

en/iot-open/practical/hardware/itt/avr/stepper.1756811566.txt.gz · Last modified: 2025/09/02 11:12 by raivo.sell