=== Authors === The list of book contributors is presented below. == Tallinn University of Technology == * Raivo Sell, Ph. D., ING-PAED IGIP == Silesian University of Technology == * Roman Czyba, Ph. D., DSc., Eng. * Piotr Czekalski, Ph. D., Eng. * Tomasz Grzejszczak, Ph. D., Eng. == Riga Technical University == * Agris Nikitenko, Ph. D., Eng. * Karlis Berkolds, M. sc., Eng. == ProDron == * Tomasz Siwy, CEO == Czech Technical University == * Ing. Libor Přeučil, CSc. == External Contributors == == Technical editing == == Graphic Design and Images == {{ :en:safeav:safeav_logo-ruut.png?400 | SafeAV Project Logo}} === Project Information === This content was implemented under the following project: * Cooperation Partnerships in higher education, 2024, SafeAV: Harmonizations of Autonomous Vehicle Safety Validation and Verification for Higher Education: 2024-1-EE01-KA220-HED-000245441. **Consortium Partners**\\ * Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland (Coordinator), * Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia, * Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic * Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia * ITT Group, Tallinn, Estonia. * Prodron, Gliwice, Poland * {{ :en:safeav:curriculum:partnerlogos.jpg?400 | Consortium Partner's Logos}} **Erasmus+ Disclaimer**\\ This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. \\ This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. **Copyright Notice**\\ This content was created by the SafeAV Consortium 2024–2027.\\ The content is copyrighted and distributed under CC BY-NC [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_license|Creative Commons Licence]] and is free for non-commercial use.
{{ en:iot-open:ccbync.png?100 |CC BY-NC}}
In case of commercial use, please get in touch with MultiASM Consortium representative. ====== Introduction ====== Please fill in some introduction === Content classification hints === The book comprises a comprehensive guide for a variety of education levels. A brief classification of the contents regarding target groups may help in a selective reading of the book and ease finding the correct chapters for the desired education level. To inform a reader about the proposed target group, icons are assigned to the top headers of the chapters. The list of icons and their reflection on the target groups is presented in the table {{ref>icons}}. ^ Icon ^ Target group ^ | {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} | **B**achelor and Engineering level students | | {{:en:iot-open:czapka_m.png?50| Masters (2nd level) classification icon }} | **M**asters students |
List of icons presenting content classification and corresponding target groups
====== Autonomous Vehicles ====== //put your contents here// Follow those subchapters for more content: * [[en:safeav:as:as]] * [[en:safeav:as:uas]] * [[en:safeav:as:challenges]] * [[en:safeav:as:autolevels]] * [[en:safeav:as:frameworks]] * [[en:safeav:as:vvintro]] * [[en:safeav:as:vreq]] * [[en:safeav:as:automanual]] * [[en:safeav:as:cybersec]] ===== Autonomous Systems ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Ground, Aerial, and Marine Vehicle Architectures ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Domain-Specific Challenges in Autonomy ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Definitions, Classification, and Levels of Autonomy ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Legal, Ethical, and Regulatory Frameworks ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Introduction to Validation and Verification in Autonomy ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Validation Requirements across Domains ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Intersection of Autonomy with Governance ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_m.png?50| Masters (2nd level) classification icon }} ===== Cybersecurity ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_m.png?50| Masters (2nd level) classification icon }} ====== Hardware and Sensing Technologies ====== //put your contents here// Follow those subchapters for more content: * [[en:safeav:as:as:sens]] * [[en:safeav:as:as:integrate]] * [[en:safeav:as:as:validatesens]] * [[en:safeav:as:as:govern]] * [[en:safeav:as:as:calibr]] ===== Sensors, Computing Units, and Navigation Systems ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Hardware Integration and Supply Chain Considerations ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Validating Sensors ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Governance, EMC ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Calibration, Maintenance, and Supply Chain ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_m.png?50| Masters (2nd level) classification icon }} ====== Software Systems and Middleware ====== //put your contents here// The following chapters contain more details: * [[en:safeav:softsys:softstacks]] * [[en:safeav:softsys:softmgmt]] * [[en:safeav:softsys:softtests]] * [[en:safeav:softsys:criticalsys]] * [[en:safeav:softsys:vaicomp]] ===== Autonomy Software Stacks ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Software Lifecycle and Configuration Management ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Testing Software Systems ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Governance Safety Critical systems ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Open issues of validating AI components ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_m.png?50| Masters (2nd level) classification icon }} ====== Perception, Mapping and Localisation ====== //put your contents here// The following chapters contain more details: * [[en:safeav:maps:detection]] * [[en:safeav:maps:ai]] * [[en:safeav:maps:instability]] * [[en:safeav:maps:validation]] ===== Object Detection, Sensor Fusion, Mapping, and Positioning ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== AI-based Perception and Scene Understanding ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Sources of Instability ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Validation Approaches ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ====== Control, Planning, and Decision-Making ====== //put your contents here // The following chapters contain more details: * [[en:safeav:ctrl:strategies]] * [[en:safeav:ctrl:algorithms]] * [[en:safeav:ctrl:vctrl]] * [[en:safeav:ctrl:sim]] ===== Classical and AI-Based Control Strategies ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Motion Planning and Behavioural Algorithms ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Validation of Control & Planning ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Simulation & Formal Methods ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ====== Human-Machine Communication ====== //put your contents here// The following chapters contain more details: * [[en:safeav:hmc:hmi]] * [[en:safeav:hmc:modes]] * [[en:safeav:hmc:lang]] * [[en:safeav:hmc:safety]] * [[en:safeav:hmc:vvhmi]] ===== Human Machine Interface and Communication ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} This chapter explores the specificities of Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) in the context of autonomous vehicles. It examines how HMI in autonomous vehicles differs fundamentally from traditional car dashboards. With the human driver no longer actively involved in operating the vehicle, the challenge arises: how should AI-driven systems communicate effectively with passengers, pedestrians, and other road users? This section addresses the available communication channels and discusses how these channels must be redefined and implemented to accommodate the new paradigm. Additionally, it considers how various environmental factors—including cultural, geographical, seasonal, and spatial elements—can impact communication strategies. A concept, the Language of Driving (LoD), will be introduced, offering a framework for structuring and standardizing communication in autonomous vehicle contexts. ==== Human Perception and Driving ==== Understanding how humans perceive the world is crucial for autonomous vehicles to effectively communicate and interact with them. This chapter explores how human perception, driven by sensory input and cognitive processing, can inform the development of autonomous perception systems, emphasizing the parallels between human and animal intelligence in recognizing focus, body positioning, gestures, and movement. By examining innate perceptual capabilities such as basic physics calculations and environmental modeling, AVs can better anticipate human behavior and respond appropriately in complex traffic environments. ==== Cultural and Social Interactions ==== This chapter explores how AVs might adopt human-like communication methods, such as facial expressions or humanoid interfaces, to effectively interact in complex social driving environments. ==== Language of Driving ==== Human communities build languages for cooperative teaming. To participate in the act of cooperative transportation, AVs will have to understand this language. Depending on the level of expectation communicated by the AV, this language may extend into social interaction models. === Passenger Communication === A key requirement of an effective Passenger Communication system is to have in-built fail-safe mechanisms based on the environment. AVSC has worked with SAE ITC to build group standards around the safe deployment of SAE Level 4 and Level 5 ADS and has recently released an “AVSC Best Practice for Passenger-Initiated Emergency Trip Interruption.”However, passenger communication extends beyond emergency stop and call functions. Warnings and explanations of unexpected maneuvers may need to be communicated to passengers even when there is no immediate danger. This should replicate and replace the function that a human bus driver would typically perform in such situations. === Pedestrian Communication === Communication between the car and pedestrians at a crosswalk is a difficult and important problem for automation. {{:en:safeav:hmc:hmi_taltech.png?600 |}} === AI role on communication === The role of conventional and LLM based AI in HMI. ===== Modes of Interactions ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Language of Driving Concepts ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Safety Concerns and Public Acceptance ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Verification & Validation of HMI ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_m.png?50| Masters (2nd level) classification icon }} ====== Autonomy Validation Tools ====== //put your contents here// The following chapters contain more details: * [[en:safeav:avt:vvtechniq]] * [[en:safeav:avt:infrastruct]] * [[en:safeav:avt:challenges]] * [[en:safeav:avt:research]] ===== Overview of V&V Techniques ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_b.png?50| Bachelors (1st level) classification icon }} ===== Testing Infrastructure ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_m.png?50| Masters (2nd level) classification icon }} ===== Challenges Ahead ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_m.png?50| Masters (2nd level) classification icon }} ===== Research Outlook ===== {{:en:iot-open:czapka_m.png?50| Masters (2nd level) classification icon }}